PMID- 18041077
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080403
LR  - 20071206
IS  - 8755-6863 (Print)
IS  - 1099-0496 (Linking)
VI  - 43
IP  - 1
DP  - 2008 Jan
TI  - Chronic lung disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children.
PG  - 1-10
AB  - The development of chronic lung disease is common in HIV-infected children. The 
      spectrum of chronic HIV-associated lung disease includes lymphocytic interstitial 
      pneumonia (LIP), chronic infections, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome 
      (IRIS), bronchiectasis, malignancies, and interstitial pneumonitis. Chronic lung 
      disease may result from recurrent or persistent pneumonia due to bacterial, 
      mycobacterial, viral, fungal or mixed infections. In high tuberculosis (TB) 
      prevalence areas, M. tuberculosis is an important cause of chronic respiratory 
      illness. With increasing availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy 
      (HAART) for children in developing countries, a rise in the incidence of IRIS due 
      to mycobacterial or other infections is being reported. Diagnosis of chronic lung 
      disease is based on chronic symptoms and persistent chest X-ray changes but 
      definitive diagnosis can be difficult as clinical and radiological findings may 
      be non-specific. Distinguishing LIP from miliary TB remains a difficult challenge 
      in HIV-infected children living in high TB prevalence areas. Treatment includes 
      therapy for specific infections, pulmonary clearance techniques, corticosteroids 
      for children with LIP who are hypoxic or who have airway compression from 
      tuberculous nodes and HAART. Children who are taking TB therapy and HAART need 
      adjustments in their drug regimes to minimize drug interactions and ensure 
      efficacy. Preventative strategies include immunization, chemoprophylaxis, and 
      micronutrient supplementation. Early use of HAART may prevent the development of 
      chronic lung disease.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
FAU - Zar, Heather J
AU  - Zar HJ
AD  - School of Child and Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's 
      Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa. Heather.Zar@uct.ac.za
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Pediatr Pulmonol
JT  - Pediatric pulmonology
JID - 8510590
SB  - IM
MH  - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
MH  - Child
MH  - Chronic Disease
MH  - HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
MH  - Lung Diseases/*complications/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy
MH  - Mycobacterium Infections/complications/drug therapy
EDAT- 2007/11/28 09:00
MHDA- 2008/04/04 09:00
CRDT- 2007/11/28 09:00
PHST- 2007/11/28 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/04/04 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/11/28 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/ppul.20676 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008 Jan;43(1):1-10. doi: 10.1002/ppul.20676.