PMID- 18044946
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080312
LR  - 20200930
IS  - 1530-6984 (Print)
IS  - 1530-6984 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 12
DP  - 2007 Dec
TI  - DNA damage induced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes in mouse embryonic stem cells.
PG  - 3592-7
AB  - Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown promise as an important new class of 
      multifunctional building blocks and innovative tools in a large variety of 
      applications, ranging from nanocomposite materials through nanoelectronics to 
      biomedical devices. Because of their unusual one-dimensional hollow nanostructure 
      and unique physicochemical properties, CNTs are particularly useful as novel drug 
      delivery tools and imaging agents. However, such biomedical applications will not 
      be realized if there is no proper assessment of the potential hazards of CNTs to 
      humans and other biological systems. Although a few reports on the cytotoxicity 
      of CNTs have been published, very little is known about the toxicity at the 
      molecular level, or genotoxicity, of CNTs in mammalian cells. We have for the 
      first time assessed the DNA damage response to multiwalled carbon nanotubes 
      (MWNTs) in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. We found that MWNTs can accumulate 
      and induce apoptosis in mouse ES cells and activate the tumor suppressor protein 
      p53 within 2 h of exposure. Furthermore, we also observed increased expression of 
      two isoforms of base excision repair protein 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1 
      (OGG1), double strand break repair protein Rad 51, phosphorylation of H2AX 
      histone at serine 139, and SUMO modification of XRCC4 following the treatment 
      with MWNTs. A mutagenesis study using an endogenous molecular marker, adenine 
      phosphoribosyltransferase (Aprt), showed that MWNTs increased the mutation 
      frequency by 2-fold compared with the spontaneous mutation frequency in mouse ES 
      cells. These results suggest that careful scrutiny of the genotoxicity of 
      nanomaterials is needed even for those materials, like multiwalled carbon 
      nanotubes, that have been previously demonstrated to have limited or no toxicity 
      at the cellular level.
FAU - Zhu, Lin
AU  - Zhu L
AD  - Department of Biology, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 
      University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.
FAU - Chang, Dong Wook
AU  - Chang DW
FAU - Dai, Liming
AU  - Dai L
FAU - Hong, Yiling
AU  - Hong Y
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20071129
PL  - United States
TA  - Nano Lett
JT  - Nano letters
JID - 101088070
RN  - 7440-44-0 (Carbon)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis/drug effects
MH  - Carbon/*toxicity
MH  - Cell Differentiation/drug effects
MH  - *DNA Damage
MH  - DNA Repair/drug effects
MH  - Embryo, Mammalian
MH  - Mice
MH  - Nanotubes/toxicity
MH  - Stem Cells/drug effects/*pathology/physiology
EDAT- 2007/11/30 09:00
MHDA- 2008/03/13 09:00
CRDT- 2007/11/30 09:00
PHST- 2007/11/30 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/03/13 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/11/30 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/nl071303v [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nano Lett. 2007 Dec;7(12):3592-7. doi: 10.1021/nl071303v. Epub 2007 Nov 29.