PMID- 18053126
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080820
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1742-6405 (Electronic)
IS  - 1742-6405 (Linking)
VI  - 4
DP  - 2007 Nov 30
TI  - Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in association with HIV/AIDS and 
      tuberculosis: views over hidden possibilities.
PG  - 29
AB  - Gut immune components are severely compromised among persons with AIDS, which 
      allows increased translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into the 
      systemic circulation. These microbial LPS are reportedly increased in chronically 
      HIV-infected individuals and findings have correlated convincingly with measures 
      of immune activation. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an 
      adverse consequence of the restoration of pathogen-specific immune responses in a 
      subset of HIV-infected subjects with underlying latent infections during the 
      initial months of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). Whether IRIS is 
      the result of a response to a high antigen burden, an excessive response by the 
      recovering immune system, exacerbated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines or 
      a lack of immune regulation due to inability to produce regulatory cytokines 
      remains to be determined. We theorize that those who develop IRIS have a high 
      burden of proinflammatory cytokines produced also in response to systemic 
      bacterial LPS that nonspecifically act on latent mycobacterial antigens. We also 
      hypothesize that subjects that do not develop IRIS could have developed either 
      tolerance (anergy) to persistent LPS/tubercle antigens or could have normal 
      FOXP3+ gene and that those with defective FOXP3+ gene or those with enormous 
      plasma LPS could be vulnerable to IRIS. The measure of microbial LPS, anti-LPS 
      antibodies and nonspecific plasma cytokines in subjects on HAART shall predict 
      the role of these components in IRIS.
FAU - Shankar, Esaki Muthu
AU  - Shankar EM
AD  - YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education, VHS Hospital Campus, Rajiv Gandhi 
      Salai - Information Technology Corridor, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, India. 
      shankarem@yrgcare.org
FAU - Vignesh, Ramachandran
AU  - Vignesh R
FAU - Murugavel, Kailapuri G
AU  - Murugavel KG
FAU - Balakrishnan, Pachamuthu
AU  - Balakrishnan P
FAU - Sekar, Ramalingam
AU  - Sekar R
FAU - Lloyd, Charmaine A C
AU  - Lloyd CA
FAU - Solomon, Suniti
AU  - Solomon S
FAU - Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran
AU  - Kumarasamy N
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20071130
PL  - England
TA  - AIDS Res Ther
JT  - AIDS research and therapy
JID - 101237921
PMC - PMC2216023
EDAT- 2007/12/07 09:00
MHDA- 2007/12/07 09:01
PMCR- 2007/11/30
CRDT- 2007/12/07 09:00
PHST- 2007/09/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2007/11/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2007/12/07 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/12/07 09:01 [medline]
PHST- 2007/12/07 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2007/11/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1742-6405-4-29 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/1742-6405-4-29 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - AIDS Res Ther. 2007 Nov 30;4:29. doi: 10.1186/1742-6405-4-29.