PMID- 18058309
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080317
LR  - 20091117
IS  - 1556-9535 (Electronic)
IS  - 1556-9527 (Linking)
VI  - 26
IP  - 4
DP  - 2007
TI  - In vitro approaches to the identification and characterization of skin 
      sensitizers.
PG  - 359-73
AB  - Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is to a considerable extent a preventable 
      disease. Limitation of ACD can be achieved by correct detection of skin 
      sensitizers, characterization of potency, understanding of human skin exposure, 
      and the application of adequate risk assessment and management strategies. A 
      range of methods now exist that have been proven to be very accurate in terms of 
      the predictive identification of chemicals that possess skin sensitizing 
      properties. In addition, certain methods, notably the local lymph node assay 
      (LLNA), also deliver valuable information of the relative potency of identified 
      sensitizers. Great use can be made of this potency information in the application 
      of quantitative risk assessments (although of course such assessments depend also 
      on the availability of accurate data on human skin exposure). However, the 
      challenge now to be faced is how to obtain the same quality of information on the 
      potency of skin sensitizing chemicals using solely in vitro and in silico 
      methods. With the forthcoming elimination of in vivo tests, the opportunities 
      being exploited for in vitro test development focus on key elements of the 
      sensitization process, such as peptide binding and dendritic cell activation. 
      What has to then be addressed is how information from such in vitro assays is 
      integrated, together with data on epidermal bioavailability, to deliver an 
      assessment of the allergen potency.
FAU - Basketter, David
AU  - Basketter D
AD  - St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK. 
      david.basketter@ukonline.co.uk
FAU - Maxwell, Gavin
AU  - Maxwell G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - Cutan Ocul Toxicol
JT  - Cutaneous and ocular toxicology
JID - 101266892
RN  - 0 (Allergens)
SB  - IM
MH  - Allergens/*immunology/*toxicity
MH  - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/*immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Skin/*drug effects/immunology
MH  - Toxicity Tests/*methods
RF  - 101
EDAT- 2007/12/07 09:00
MHDA- 2008/03/18 09:00
CRDT- 2007/12/07 09:00
PHST- 2007/12/07 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/03/18 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/12/07 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 787707179 [pii]
AID - 10.1080/15569520701622993 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2007;26(4):359-73. doi: 10.1080/15569520701622993.