PMID- 18067565
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080804
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1365-2605 (Electronic)
IS  - 0105-6263 (Linking)
VI  - 31
IP  - 2
DP  - 2008 Apr
TI  - Endocrine-disrupting properties in vivo of widely used azole fungicides.
PG  - 170-7
AB  - The endocrine-disrupting potential of four commonly used azole fungicides, 
      propiconazole, tebuconazole, epoxiconazole and ketoconazole, were tested in two 
      short-term in vivo studies. Initially, the antiandrogenic effects of 
      propiconazole and tebuconazole (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight/day each) were 
      examined in the Hershberger assay. In the second study, pregnant Wistar rats were 
      dosed with propiconazole, tebuconazole, epoxiconazole or ketoconazole (50 
      mg/kg/day each) from gestational day (GD) 7 to GD 21. Caesarian sections were 
      performed on dams at GD 21. Tebuconazole and propiconazole demonstrated no 
      antiandrogenic effects at doses between 50 and 150 mg/kg body weight/day in the 
      Hershberger assay. In the in utero exposure toxicity study, ketoconazole, a 
      pharmaceutical to treat human fungal infections, decreased anogenital distance 
      and reduced testicular testosterone levels, demonstrating a demasculinizing 
      effect on male fetuses. Tebuconazole, epoxiconazole and ketoconazole induced a 
      high-frequency of post-implantation loss, and both ketoconazole and epoxiconazole 
      caused a marked increase in late and very late resorptions. Overall the results 
      show that many of the commonly used azole fungicides act as endocrine disruptors 
      in vivo, although the profile of action in vivo varies. As ketoconazole is known 
      to implicate numerous endocrine-disrupting effects in humans, the concern for the 
      effects of the other tested azole fungicides in humans is growing.
FAU - Taxvig, C
AU  - Taxvig C
AD  - Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical 
      University of Denmark, Soborg, Denmark.
FAU - Vinggaard, A M
AU  - Vinggaard AM
FAU - Hass, U
AU  - Hass U
FAU - Axelstad, M
AU  - Axelstad M
FAU - Metzdorff, S
AU  - Metzdorff S
FAU - Nellemann, C
AU  - Nellemann C
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20071206
PL  - England
TA  - Int J Androl
JT  - International journal of andrology
JID - 8000141
RN  - 0 (Antifungal Agents)
RN  - 0 (Azoles)
RN  - 0 (Endocrine Disruptors)
RN  - 3XMK78S47O (Testosterone)
RN  - 4G7DS2Q64Y (Progesterone)
RN  - 4TI98Z838E (Estradiol)
RN  - 9002-67-9 (Luteinizing Hormone)
RN  - 9002-68-0 (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
RN  - Q51BO43MG4 (Thyroxine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antifungal Agents/*toxicity
MH  - Azoles/*toxicity
MH  - Endocrine Disruptors/*toxicity
MH  - Estradiol/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Fetus/drug effects
MH  - Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood
MH  - Luteinizing Hormone/blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Maternal Exposure
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Progesterone/blood
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Testosterone/blood
MH  - Thyroxine/blood
EDAT- 2007/12/11 09:00
MHDA- 2008/08/05 09:00
CRDT- 2007/12/11 09:00
PHST- 2007/12/11 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/08/05 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/12/11 09:00 [entrez]
AID - IJA838 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00838.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Androl. 2008 Apr;31(2):170-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00838.x. Epub 
      2007 Dec 6.