PMID- 18083375
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080205
LR  - 20071217
IS  - 0093-7754 (Print)
IS  - 0093-7754 (Linking)
VI  - 34
IP  - 6
DP  - 2007 Dec
TI  - Melanoma vaccines.
PG  - 516-23
AB  - There has been a long fascination with immunizing against cancer in general and 
      against melanoma in particular. The earliest melanoma vaccines were formulated 
      from autologous or allogeneic melanoma cells. Subsequently, molecularly defined 
      vaccines made from proteins, peptides, or gangliosides were developed and, 
      recently, DNA-based vaccines are currently being tested. Randomized trials using 
      allogeneic melanoma cells/lysates or gangliosides have not demonstrated a 
      clinical benefit, although in some trials, clinical benefit was seen in large 
      subsets. On the other hand, some clinical trials indicated that vaccine therapy 
      could be associated with a poorer survival. There are several mechanisms now 
      identified by which melanoma cells can avoid detection by T cells, such as loss 
      of expression of antigen or human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules, and tumor 
      vascular adhesion molecules. Also, mediators of immune tolerance are now 
      well-characterized such as regulatory T cells and inhibitory cytokines secreted 
      by melanoma cells. Future approaches for immunizing against melanoma will have to 
      incorporate strategies to overcome these barriers. Strategies being tested 
      include depletion of regulatory T cells, immunization in the setting of 
      lymphopenia, and blockade of T-cell inhibitory molecules such as CTLA-4. Once a 
      relevant clinical response can be induced, it should be possible to develop 
      validated immunoassays that will direct future melanoma vaccine development.
FAU - Chapman, Paul B
AU  - Chapman PB
AD  - Melanoma/Sarcoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer 
      Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. chapmanp@mskcc.org
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Semin Oncol
JT  - Seminars in oncology
JID - 0420432
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Neoplasm)
RN  - 0 (Cancer Vaccines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
MH  - Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
MH  - Cancer Vaccines/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
MH  - Melanoma/immunology/prevention & control/*therapy
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
MH  - Skin Neoplasms/immunology/prevention & control/*therapy
MH  - T-Lymphocytes/immunology
RF  - 67
EDAT- 2007/12/18 09:00
MHDA- 2008/02/06 09:00
CRDT- 2007/12/18 09:00
PHST- 2007/12/18 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/02/06 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/12/18 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0093-7754(07)00186-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2007.09.013 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Semin Oncol. 2007 Dec;34(6):516-23. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2007.09.013.