PMID- 18155778
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080422
LR  - 20080226
IS  - 0165-2427 (Print)
IS  - 0165-2427 (Linking)
VI  - 122
IP  - 1-2
DP  - 2008 Mar 15
TI  - Comparison of cellular and humoral immunoassays for the assessment of summer 
      eczema in horses.
PG  - 126-37
AB  - The objective of this study was to compare and analyze three common diagnostic 
      methods for summer eczema (SE) in horses, an allergic dermatitis caused by bites 
      of Culicoides spp. Nine horses with a medical history of SE and nine control 
      animals were intradermally challenged with whole body extracts (WBE) and the 
      saliva of a native (C. nubeculosus) and exotic (C. sonorensis) Culicoides 
      species. Blood and serum samples of the horses were examined for basophil 
      reactivity by a histamine release test (HRT) and for Culicoides-specific serum 
      immunoglobulin E (IgE) and G (IgG) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 
      The results of intradermal testing (IDT) at 30min (immediate reactivity) and 4h 
      (late-phase reactivity) post challenge with most insect preparations revealed 
      significant differences between horses with and without SE. Overall, the HRT 
      showed the most accurate results with a sensitivity of 1.00 for all Culicoides 
      preparations and specificities of 0.78 (WBE) and 1.00 (saliva). By contrast, 
      delayed reactions of the IDT (24h), and levels of Culicoides-specific IgE and IgG 
      in the native serum showed little or no distinction between allergic and 
      non-allergic horses. However, the use of purified serum IgE and IgG indicated the 
      possibility for elevated titers of insect-specific serum immunoglobulins in 
      horses with SE. The IDT and HRT did not reveal obvious differences in onset and 
      intensity of positive reactions for the native verses exotic Culicoides species, 
      whereas the ELISA showed slightly higher numbers of positive reactions for serum 
      IgG with the indigenous species. Saliva, as compared to WBE, was found to have 
      improved sensitivity and/or specificity for the HRT and for the late-phase immune 
      reactions as measured by the IDT. Overall, the results indicate that allergy 
      tests utilizing effector cells (mast cells, basophils) are more accurate in 
      diagnosing SE in horses than serological analysis by ELISA.
FAU - Langner, Kathrin F A
AU  - Langner KF
AD  - University of Veterinary Medicine, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, 
      Germany. kathrin.langner@tiho-hannover.de
FAU - Darpel, Karin E
AU  - Darpel KE
FAU - Drolet, Barbara S
AU  - Drolet BS
FAU - Fischer, Angelika
AU  - Fischer A
FAU - Hampel, Stefan
AU  - Hampel S
FAU - Heselhaus, Julia E
AU  - Heselhaus JE
FAU - Mellor, Philip S
AU  - Mellor PS
FAU - Mertens, Peter P C
AU  - Mertens PP
FAU - Leibold, Wolfgang
AU  - Leibold W
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20071109
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Vet Immunol Immunopathol
JT  - Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
JID - 8002006
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
RN  - 37341-29-0 (Immunoglobulin E)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Ceratopogonidae/*immunology
MH  - Eczema/diagnosis/*veterinary
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/*methods
MH  - Histamine Release
MH  - Horse Diseases/*diagnosis
MH  - Horses
MH  - Immunoglobulin E/blood
MH  - Immunoglobulin G/blood
MH  - Insect Bites and Stings/diagnosis/*veterinary
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Skin Tests
EDAT- 2007/12/25 09:00
MHDA- 2008/04/23 09:00
CRDT- 2007/12/25 09:00
PHST- 2007/08/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2007/10/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2007/11/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2007/12/25 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/04/23 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2007/12/25 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0165-2427(07)00393-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.11.001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2008 Mar 15;122(1-2):126-37. doi: 
      10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.11.001. Epub 2007 Nov 9.