PMID- 18187532
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080522
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0269-8811 (Print)
IS  - 0269-8811 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 1
DP  - 2008 Jan
TI  - Depressive symptomatology in young adults with a history of MDMA use: a 
      longitudinal analysis.
PG  - 47-54
LID - 10.1177/0269881107078293 [doi]
AB  - Research suggests that methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)/;ecstasy' can cause 
      serotonin depletion as well as serotonergic neurodegradation that may result in 
      depression. This longitudinal study used the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) 
      to assess depressive symptomatology every six months over a two-year period among 
      a community sample of young adult MDMA/;ecstasy' users (n = 402). Multilevel 
      growth modeling was used to analyze changes in BDI scores. Between baseline and 
      24 months, the mean BDI score declined from 9.8 to 7.7. Scores varied 
      significantly across individuals at baseline and declined at a rate of 0.36 
      points every six months. Persons with higher baseline scores were more likely to 
      have their scores decrease over time. Several factors were significantly 
      associated with score levels, independent of time: gender - men's scores were 
      lower than women's; ethnicity - whites' scores were lower than those of 
      non-whites; education - persons with at least some university education had 
      scores that were lower than those without any college experience; benzodiazepines 
      - current users' scores were higher than non-users'; opioids - current users' 
      scores were higher than non-users'; and cumulative ecstasy use - people who had 
      used MDMA more than 50 times had scores that were higher than persons who had 
      used the drug less often. The results reported here show low levels of depressive 
      symptoms among a sample that, after 24 months, consisted of both current and 
      former MDMA users. The low and declining mean scores suggest that for most people 
      MDMA/;ecstasy' use does not result in long-term depressive symptomatology.
FAU - Falck, Russel S
AU  - Falck RS
AD  - Department of Community Health, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Center for 
      Interventions, Treatment & Addictions Research, Wright State University, Dayton, 
      OH 45435, USA. russel.falck@wright.edu
FAU - Wang, Jichuan
AU  - Wang J
FAU - Carlson, Robert G
AU  - Carlson RG
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 DA14488/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PL  - United States
TA  - J Psychopharmacol
JT  - Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
JID - 8907828
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Amphetamine-Related Disorders/*complications
MH  - Depression/*chemically induced
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
MH  - Male
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*adverse effects
MH  - Sex Characteristics
EDAT- 2008/01/12 09:00
MHDA- 2008/05/23 09:00
CRDT- 2008/01/12 09:00
PHST- 2008/01/12 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/05/23 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/01/12 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 22/1/47 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/0269881107078293 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Psychopharmacol. 2008 Jan;22(1):47-54. doi: 10.1177/0269881107078293.