PMID- 18191394
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090219
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 0956-053X (Print)
IS  - 0956-053X (Linking)
VI  - 28
IP  - 12
DP  - 2008 Dec
TI  - Management of immunization solid wastes in Kano State, Nigeria.
PG  - 2512-21
LID - 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.11.008 [doi]
AB  - Inadequate management of waste generated from injection activities can have a 
      negative impact on the community and environment. In this paper, a report on 
      immunization wastes management in Kano State (Nigeria) is presented. Eight local 
      governments were selected randomly and surveyed by the author. Solid wastes 
      generated during the Expanded Programme on Immunization were characterised using 
      two different methods: one by weighing the waste and the other by estimating the 
      volume. Empirical data was obtained on immunization waste generation, 
      segregation, storage, collection, transportation, and disposal; and waste 
      management practices were assessed. The study revealed that immunization offices 
      were accommodated in either in local government buildings, primary health centres 
      or community health care centres. All of the stations demonstrated a high 
      priority for segregation of the infectious wastes. It can be deduced from the 
      data obtained that infectious waste ranged from 67.6% to 76.7% with an average of 
      70.1% by weight, and 36.0% to 46.1% with an average of 40.1% by volume. 
      Non-infectious waste generated ranged from 23.3% to 32.5% with an average of 
      29.9% by weight and 53.9% to 64.0% with an average of 59.9% by volume. Out of 
      non-infectious waste (NIFW) and infectious waste (IFW), 66.3% and 62.4% by weight 
      were combustible and 33.7% and 37.6% were non-combustible respectively. An 
      assessment of the treatment revealed that open pit burning and burial and small 
      scale incineration were the common methods of disposal for immunization waste, 
      and some immunization centres employed the services of the state or local 
      government owned solid waste disposal board for final collection and disposal of 
      their immunization waste at government approved sites.
FAU - Oke, I A
AU  - Oke IA
AD  - Civil Engineering Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. 
      okeia@oauife.edu.ng
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20080111
PL  - United States
TA  - Waste Manag
JT  - Waste management (New York, N.Y.)
JID - 9884362
RN  - 0 (Medical Waste Disposal)
SB  - IM
MH  - Environmental Pollution/prevention & control
MH  - *Immunization
MH  - Incineration/instrumentation
MH  - Medical Waste Disposal/*methods
MH  - Nigeria
MH  - Transportation
EDAT- 2008/01/15 09:00
MHDA- 2009/02/20 09:00
CRDT- 2008/01/15 09:00
PHST- 2006/10/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2007/06/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2007/11/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/01/15 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/02/20 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/01/15 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0956-053X(07)00406-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.11.008 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Waste Manag. 2008 Dec;28(12):2512-21. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.11.008. Epub 
      2008 Jan 11.