PMID- 18197985
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080318
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1471-2180 (Electronic)
IS  - 1471-2180 (Linking)
VI  - 8
DP  - 2008 Jan 15
TI  - Promoter selectivity of the Bacillus subtilis response regulator DegU, a positive 
      regulator of the fla/che operon and sacB.
PG  - 8
LID - 10.1186/1471-2180-8-8 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: The response regulator DegU and its cognate histidine kinase DegS 
      constitute a two-component system in the Gram-positive soil bacterium Bacillus 
      subtilis. Unphosphorylated and phosphorylated forms of DegU are known to activate 
      target gene transcription in B. subtilis. Although phosphorylated DegU (DegU-P) 
      regulates more than one hundred and twenty genes, the targets of unphosphorylated 
      DegU are unknown, except for comK. RESULTS: We found that the fla/che (flagella 
      and chemotaxis) operon is positively regulated by unphosphorylated DegU. The 
      effect was most prominent in a strain bearing the functional swrAA gene, a 
      positive regulator of fla/che. Unphosphorylated DegU bound to two regions in the 
      fla/che regulatory region containing an inverted repeat-like sequence that 
      resembles the inverted repeat (IR) in the comK promoter. Mutational analysis 
      revealed that positive regulation of fla/che by SwrAA requires DegU-binding. An 
      analysis of the DegU-P-regulated gene sacB (levansucrase gene) by footprint and 
      mutational analyses revealed that DegU-P bound to a direct repeat (DR) of the 
      DegU-recognition motifs, which has been shown to be functional in vivo, while 
      unphosphorylated DegU did not. These results strongly suggest that the 
      arrangement of the DegU-binding motifs determines whether unphosphorylated DegU 
      or DegU-P binds to the sacB promoter. The hypothesis was confirmed by observing 
      degS-independent expression when the DR in the sacB-lacZ fusion was changed to an 
      IR, suggesting that unphosphorylated DegU regulates the sacB promoter through the 
      newly created IR. This was confirmed by binding of unphosphorylated DegU to the 
      IR in the sacB promoter. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that DegU positively 
      regulates flgB and sacB through its binding to the promoter regions. We 
      demonstrated that DegU-P prefers binding to DR but not to IR in the sacB 
      promoter.
FAU - Tsukahara, Kensuke
AU  - Tsukahara K
AD  - Institute of Oceanic Research and Development, Tokai University, 3-20-1 
      Orido-Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-8610, Japan. astronotus_ocellatus@docomo.ne.jp
FAU - Ogura, Mitsuo
AU  - Ogura M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20080115
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Microbiol
JT  - BMC microbiology
JID - 100966981
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DegU protein, Bacteria)
RN  - EC 2.4.1.- (Hexosyltransferases)
RN  - EC 2.4.1.10 (levansucrase)
RN  - EC 2.7.- (Protein Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.13.1 (Histidine Kinase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacillus subtilis/*genetics
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Chemotaxis/genetics
MH  - Flagella/genetics
MH  - Hexosyltransferases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Histidine Kinase
MH  - *Operon
MH  - Promoter Regions, Genetic
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Protein Kinases/*metabolism
MH  - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - *Up-Regulation
PMC - PMC2245950
EDAT- 2008/01/17 09:00
MHDA- 2008/03/19 09:00
PMCR- 2008/01/15
CRDT- 2008/01/17 09:00
PHST- 2007/08/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/01/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/01/17 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/03/19 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/01/17 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2008/01/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1471-2180-8-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/1471-2180-8-8 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Microbiol. 2008 Jan 15;8:8. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-8-8.