PMID- 18200927
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080325
LR  - 20190911
IS  - 1096-2247 (Print)
IS  - 1096-2247 (Linking)
VI  - 57
IP  - 12
DP  - 2007 Dec
TI  - Size and composition distributions of particulate matter emissions: part 
      2--heavy-duty diesel vehicles.
PG  - 1429-38
AB  - Particulate matter (PM) emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) were 
      collected using a chassis dynamometer/dilution sampling system that employed 
      filter-based samplers, cascade impactors, and scanning mobility particle size 
      (SMPS) measurements. Four diesel vehicles with different engine and emission 
      control technologies were tested using the California Air Resources Board Heavy 
      Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck (HHDDT) 5 mode driving cycle. Vehicles were tested using 
      a simulated inertial weight of either 56,000 or 66,000 lb. Exhaust particles were 
      then analyzed for total carbon, elemental carbon (EC), organic matter (OM), and 
      water-soluble ions. HDDV fine (< or =1.8 microm aerodynamic diameter; PM1.8) and 
      ultrafine (0.056-0.1 microm aerodynamic diameter; PM0.1) PM emission rates ranged 
      from 181-581 mg/km and 25-72 mg/km, respectively, with the highest emission rates 
      in both size fractions associated with the oldest vehicle tested. Older diesel 
      vehicles produced fine and ultrafine exhaust particles with higher EC/OM ratios 
      than newer vehicles. Transient modes produced very high EC/OM ratios whereas idle 
      and creep modes produced very low EC/OM ratios. Calcium was the most abundant 
      water-soluble ion with smaller amounts of magnesium, sodium, ammonium ion, and 
      sulfate also detected. Particle mass distributions emitted during the full 5-mode 
      HDDV tests peaked between 100-180 nm and their shapes were not a function of 
      vehicle age. In contrast, particle mass distributions emitted during the idle and 
      creep driving modes from the newest diesel vehicle had a peak diameter of 
      approximately 70 nm, whereas mass distributions emitted from older vehicles had a 
      peak diameter larger than 100 nm for both the idle and creep modes. Increasing 
      inertial loads reduced the OM emissions, causing the residual EC emissions to 
      shift to smaller sizes. The same HDDV tested at 56,000 and 66,000 lb had higher 
      PM0.1 EC emissions (+22%) and lower PM0.1 OM emissions (-38%) at the higher load 
      condition.
FAU - Robert, Michael A
AU  - Robert MA
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of 
      California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
FAU - Kleeman, Michael J
AU  - Kleeman MJ
FAU - Jakober, Christopher A
AU  - Jakober CA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - J Air Waste Manag Assoc
JT  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)
JID - 9503111
RN  - 0 (Gasoline)
RN  - 0 (Particulate Matter)
RN  - 0 (Vehicle Emissions)
SB  - IM
MH  - Air Pollution/analysis
MH  - *Gasoline
MH  - *Motor Vehicles
MH  - *Particle Size
MH  - Particulate Matter/*chemistry
MH  - Vehicle Emissions/*analysis
EDAT- 2008/01/19 09:00
MHDA- 2008/03/26 09:00
CRDT- 2008/01/19 09:00
PHST- 2008/01/19 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/03/26 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/01/19 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.3155/1047-3289.57.12.1429 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2007 Dec;57(12):1429-38. doi: 
      10.3155/1047-3289.57.12.1429.