PMID- 18201113
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080422
LR  - 20220317
IS  - 0112-1642 (Print)
IS  - 0112-1642 (Linking)
VI  - 38
IP  - 2
DP  - 2008
TI  - Exercise and brain health--implications for multiple sclerosis: Part 1--neuronal 
      growth factors.
PG  - 91-100
AB  - The benefits of regular exercise to promote general health and reduce the risk of 
      hypokinetic diseases associated with sedentary lifestyles are well recognized. 
      Recent studies suggest that exercise may enhance neurobiological processes that 
      promote brain health in aging and disease. A current frontier in the 
      neurodegenerative disorder multiple sclerosis (MS) concerns the role of physical 
      activity for promoting brain health through protective, regenerative and adaptive 
      neural processes. Research on neuromodulation, raises the possibility that 
      regular physical activity may mediate favourable changes in disease factors and 
      symptoms associated with MS, in part through changes in neuroactive proteins. 
      Insulin-like growth factor-I appears to act as a neuroprotective agent and 
      studies indicate that exercise could promote this factor in MS. Neurotrophins, 
      brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor likely play 
      roles in neuronal survival and activity-dependent plasticity. Physical activity 
      has also been shown to up-regulate hippocampal BDNF, which may play a role in 
      mood states, learning and memory to lessen the decline in cognitive function 
      associated with MS. In addition, exercise may promote anti-oxidant defences and 
      neurotrophic support that could attenuate CNS vulnerability to neuronal 
      degeneration. Exercise exposure (preconditioning) may serve as a mechanism to 
      enhance stress resistance and thereby may support neuronal survival under 
      heightened stress conditions. Considering that axonal loss and cerebral atrophy 
      occur early in the disease, exercise prescription in the acute stage could 
      promote neuroprotection, neuroregeneration and neuroplasticity and reduce 
      long-term disability. This review concludes with a proposed conceptual model to 
      connect these promising links between exercise and brain health.
FAU - White, Lesley J
AU  - White LJ
AD  - Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA. 
      ljwhite@uga.edu
FAU - Castellano, Vanessa
AU  - Castellano V
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Sports Med
JT  - Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
JID - 8412297
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 67763-96-6 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor I)
RN  - 9061-61-4 (Nerve Growth Factor)
SB  - IM
MH  - Affect/physiology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain/*physiology/physiopathology
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/physiology
MH  - Cognition/physiology
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/physiology
MH  - Multiple Sclerosis/*physiopathology/therapy
MH  - Nerve Degeneration/physiopathology/therapy
MH  - Nerve Growth Factor/*physiology
MH  - Oxidative Stress/physiology
RF  - 148
EDAT- 2008/01/19 09:00
MHDA- 2008/04/23 09:00
CRDT- 2008/01/19 09:00
PHST- 2008/01/19 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/04/23 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/01/19 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 3821 [pii]
AID - 10.2165/00007256-200838020-00001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sports Med. 2008;38(2):91-100. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200838020-00001.