PMID- 18268299
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080624
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 0047-2425 (Print)
IS  - 0047-2425 (Linking)
VI  - 37
IP  - 2
DP  - 2008 Mar-Apr
TI  - Evaluation of fumigation and surface seal methods on fumigant emissions in an 
      orchard replant field.
PG  - 369-77
LID - 10.2134/jeq2007.0088 [doi]
AB  - Soil fumigation is an important management practice for controlling soil pests 
      and enabling successful replanting of orchards. Reducing emissions is required to 
      minimize the possible worker and bystander risk and the contribution of fumigants 
      to the atmosphere as volatile organic compounds that lead to the formation of 
      ground-level ozone. A field trial was conducted in a peach orchard replant field 
      to investigate the effects of fumigation method (shank-injection vs. subsurface 
      drip-application treatments) and surface treatments (water applications and 
      plastic tarps) on emissions of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) 
      from shank-injection of Telone C-35 and drip application of InLine. Treatments 
      included control (no water or soil surface treatment); standard high-density 
      polyethylene (HDPE) tarp, virtually impermeable film (VIF) tarp, and 
      pre-irrigation, all over shank injection; and HDPE tarp over and irrigation with 
      micro-sprinklers before and after the drip application. The highest 1,3-D and CP 
      emission losses over a 2-wk monitoring period were from the control (36% 1,3-D 
      and 30% CP) and HDPE tarp (43% 1,3-D and 17% CP) over shank injection. The 
      pre-irrigation 4 d before fumigation and VIF tarp over shank injection had 
      similar total emission losses (19% 1,3-D and 8-9% CP). The HDPE tarp and 
      irrigations over subsurface drip-application treatments resulted in similar and 
      the lowest emission losses (12-13% 1,3-D, and 2-3% CP). Lower fumigant 
      concentrations in the soil-gas phase were observed with drip-application than in 
      the shank-injection treatments; however, all treatments provided 100% kill to 
      citrus nematodes in bags buried from 30 to 90 cm depth. Pre-irrigation and drip 
      application seem to be effective to minimize emissions of 1,3-D and CP.
FAU - Gao, Suduan
AU  - Gao S
AD  - Water Management Research Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 
      USDA-ARS, Parlier, CA 93648, USA. sgao@fresno.ars.usda.gov
FAU - Trout, Thomas J
AU  - Trout TJ
FAU - Schneider, Sally
AU  - Schneider S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20080211
PL  - United States
TA  - J Environ Qual
JT  - Journal of environmental quality
JID - 0330666
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Allyl Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Insecticides)
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
RN  - 9H780918D0 (1,3-dichloro-1-propene)
RN  - I4JTX7Z7U2 (chloropicrin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Agriculture/methods
MH  - Air Pollutants/*analysis/toxicity
MH  - Allyl Compounds/*analysis/toxicity
MH  - Animals
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Fumigation/*methods
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/*analysis/toxicity
MH  - Insecticides/*analysis/toxicity
MH  - Nematoda/drug effects
MH  - Prunus
MH  - Soil Pollutants/*analysis/toxicity
MH  - Temperature
EDAT- 2008/02/13 09:00
MHDA- 2008/06/25 09:00
CRDT- 2008/02/13 09:00
PHST- 2008/02/13 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/06/25 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/02/13 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 37/2/369 [pii]
AID - 10.2134/jeq2007.0088 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Environ Qual. 2008 Feb 11;37(2):369-77. doi: 10.2134/jeq2007.0088. Print 2008 
      Mar-Apr.