PMID- 18279535
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080623
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1466-609X (Electronic)
IS  - 1364-8535 (Print)
IS  - 1364-8535 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 1
DP  - 2008
TI  - Clinical review: Major consequences of illicit drug consumption.
PG  - 202
LID - 10.1186/cc6166 [doi]
AB  - Because illicit drugs are now widely consumed, every doctor needs to know their 
      acute medical consequences and complications. Here, we review the problems 
      associated with the different drugs from a systems-based viewpoint. Apart from 
      the respiratory depressant effect of opioids, crack cocaine is the most common 
      cause of respiratory complications, mainly linked with its mode of use, with 
      airway burns, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and lung syndromes being 
      well-recognised sequelae. Because of its marked cardiovascular effects, cocaine 
      is also a major cause of coronary syndromes and myocardial infarction. 
      Amphetamines may produce similar effects less commonly. Hyperthermia may occur 
      with cocaine toxicity or with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) due to 
      exertion or from serotonin syndrome. Cerebral haemorrhage may result from the use 
      of amphetamines or cocaine. Hallucinations may follow consumption of LSD, 
      amphetamines, or cocaine. MDMA is a major cause of acute severe hyponatraemia and 
      also has been linked with hepatic syndromes. Collapse, convulsions, or coma may 
      be caused in different circumstances by opioids, MDMA, or gamma hydroxybutyrate 
      and may be aggravated by other sedatives, especially alcohol and benzodiazepines. 
      Recognition of these acute complications is urgent, and treatment must be based 
      on an understanding of the likely underlying problem as well as on basic 
      principles of supportive care.
FAU - Devlin, Robert J
AU  - Devlin RJ
AD  - Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, 
      UK.
FAU - Henry, John A
AU  - Henry JA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20080108
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JT  - Critical care (London, England)
JID - 9801902
SB  - IM
MH  - *Amphetamine-Related Disorders/diagnosis/physiopathology/therapy
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/*chemically induced/diagnosis/physiopathology
MH  - *Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
MH  - *Cocaine-Related Disorders/diagnosis/physiopathology/therapy
MH  - Fever/*chemically induced
MH  - Hallucinations/*chemically induced
MH  - Humans
MH  - Liver Diseases/physiopathology
MH  - Lung Diseases/*chemically induced/diagnosis/physiopathology
MH  - Seizures/*chemically induced
PMC - PMC2374627
EDAT- 2008/02/19 09:00
MHDA- 2008/06/24 09:00
PMCR- 2008/01/08
CRDT- 2008/02/19 09:00
PHST- 2008/02/19 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/06/24 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/02/19 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2008/01/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - cc6166 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/cc6166 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care. 2008;12(1):202. doi: 10.1186/cc6166. Epub 2008 Jan 8.