PMID- 18288972
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080311
LR  - 20191110
IS  - 1873-4251 (Electronic)
IS  - 1570-162X (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 1
DP  - 2008 Jan
TI  - HIV-1 neutralizing activity is correlated with increased levels of chemokines in 
      saliva of HIV-1-exposed uninfected individuals.
PG  - 28-33
AB  - AIM: Mucosal HIV-1 exposure stimulates a variety of mucosal immune responses, 
      including IgA1-mediated virus neutralization, even in the absence of an 
      established infection. We hypothesized that other immune molecules might also 
      contribute to the HIV-1 neutralizing activity observed in the mucosal secretions 
      of HIV-1 exposed uninfected individuals. METHODS: Saliva samples were collected 
      from HIV-1 seronegative high-risk female sex workers (FSW) from Nairobi. Samples 
      were also collected from HIV-1 IgG positive FSW and HIV-1 IgG negative low-risk 
      women from the same geographical area. In all samples, IgA2, secretory leukocyte 
      protease inhibitor (SLPI), regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and 
      secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha and beta (MIP-1alpha 
      and -beta) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were quantified. The 
      IgA1-depleted saliva samples were subsequently tested for neutralizing capacity 
      in a PBMC-based neutralization assay using a primary HIV-1 clade A isolate to 
      determine biological relevance of the measured molecules. RESULTS: HIV-1 specific 
      neutralization was present in the IgA1-depleted fraction from saliva of both 
      HIV-1 seropositive (9 of 10) and high-risk individuals (36 of 45) but not in 
      HIV-1 IgG-negative control subjects (0 of 8). In the high-risk individuals, 
      higher levels of CC-chemokines were seen in those that could neutralize HIV-1 as 
      compared with those that could not (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The HIV-1 neutralizing 
      activity in saliva of HIV-1-exposed high-risk individuals is not only mediated by 
      IgA1, but is also present in IgA1-depleted fractions and is associated with 
      increased levels of CC-chemokines. Such innate immune factors may be important in 
      limiting HIV-1 mucosal transmission.
FAU - Hirbod, Taha
AU  - Hirbod T
AD  - Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Center for Molecular 
      Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden. 
      taha.hirbod@ki.se
FAU - Reichard, Camilla
AU  - Reichard C
FAU - Hasselrot, Klara
AU  - Hasselrot K
FAU - Soderlund, Johan
AU  - Soderlund J
FAU - Kimani, Joshua
AU  - Kimani J
FAU - Bwayo, Job J
AU  - Bwayo JJ
FAU - Plummer, Francis
AU  - Plummer F
FAU - Kaul, Rupert
AU  - Kaul R
FAU - Broliden, Kristina
AU  - Broliden K
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Curr HIV Res
JT  - Current HIV research
JID - 101156990
RN  - 0 (CCL2 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (CCL3 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Chemokine CCL2)
RN  - 0 (Chemokine CCL3)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin A)
RN  - 0 (SLPI protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor)
SB  - IM
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Chemokine CCL2/*immunology
MH  - Chemokine CCL3/*immunology
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - HIV Infections/*immunology
MH  - HIV-1/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunity, Innate/*immunology
MH  - Immunoglobulin A/analysis/immunology
MH  - Neutralization Tests
MH  - Saliva/chemistry/*immunology
MH  - Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor/immunology
MH  - Sex Work
EDAT- 2008/02/22 09:00
MHDA- 2008/03/12 09:00
CRDT- 2008/02/22 09:00
PHST- 2008/02/22 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/03/12 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/02/22 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.2174/157016208783571964 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr HIV Res. 2008 Jan;6(1):28-33. doi: 10.2174/157016208783571964.