PMID- 18313952
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090217
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1087-0792 (Print)
IS  - 1087-0792 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2008 Oct
TI  - Effect of illicit recreational drugs upon sleep: cocaine, ecstasy and marijuana.
PG  - 381-9
LID - 10.1016/j.smrv.2007.12.004 [doi]
AB  - The illicit recreational drugs cocaine, ecstasy and marijuana have pronounced 
      effects upon sleep. Administration of cocaine increases wakefulness and 
      suppresses REM sleep. Acute cocaine withdrawal is often associated with sleep 
      disturbances and unpleasant dreams. Studies have revealed that 
      polysomnographically assessed sleep parameters deteriorate even further during 
      sustained abstinence, although patients report that sleep quality remains 
      unchanged or improves. This deterioration of objective sleep measures is 
      associated with a worsening in sleep-related cognitive performance. Like cocaine, 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; "ecstasy") is a substance with arousing 
      properties. Heavy MDMA consumption is often associated with persistent sleep 
      disturbances. Polysomnography (PSG) studies have demonstrated altered sleep 
      architecture in abstinent heavy MDMA users. Smoked marijuana and oral 
      Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) reduce REM sleep. Moreover, acute 
      administration of cannabis appears to facilitate falling asleep and to increase 
      Stage 4 sleep. Difficulty sleeping and strange dreams are among the most 
      consistently reported symptoms of acute and subacute cannabis withdrawal. Longer 
      sleep onset latency, reduced slow wave sleep and a REM rebound can be observed. 
      Prospective studies are needed in order to verify whether sleep disturbances 
      during cocaine and cannabis withdrawal predict treatment outcome.
FAU - Schierenbeck, Thomas
AU  - Schierenbeck T
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg University Medical Center, 
      Hauptstrasse 5, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
FAU - Riemann, Dieter
AU  - Riemann D
FAU - Berger, Mathias
AU  - Berger M
FAU - Hornyak, Magdolna
AU  - Hornyak M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20080303
PL  - England
TA  - Sleep Med Rev
JT  - Sleep medicine reviews
JID - 9804678
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 7J8897W37S (Dronabinol)
RN  - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain/drug effects/physiopathology
MH  - Cocaine/*pharmacology
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Dronabinol/*pharmacology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Illicit Drugs/*pharmacology
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*pharmacology
MH  - Polysomnography/drug effects
MH  - Sleep/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - Sleep Stages/drug effects
MH  - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/physiopathology
MH  - Substance-Related Disorders/*physiopathology
RF  - 92
EDAT- 2008/03/04 09:00
MHDA- 2009/02/20 09:00
CRDT- 2008/03/04 09:00
PHST- 2008/03/04 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/02/20 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/03/04 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S1087-0792(07)00167-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.smrv.2007.12.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sleep Med Rev. 2008 Oct;12(5):381-9. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2007.12.004. Epub 2008 
      Mar 3.