PMID- 18321539
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20081118
LR  - 20161124
IS  - 0034-5288 (Print)
IS  - 0034-5288 (Linking)
VI  - 85
IP  - 3
DP  - 2008 Dec
TI  - Pharmacokinetic, metabolism and withdrawal time of orphenadrine in camels 
      (Camelus dromedarius) after intravenous administration.
PG  - 563-9
LID - 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.01.006 [doi]
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of orphenadrine (ORPH) following a single intravenous (i.v.) 
      dose was investigated in six camels (Camelus dormedarius). Orphenadrine was 
      extracted from the plasma using a simple sensitive liquid-liquid extraction 
      method and determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Following 
      i.v. administration plasma concentrations of ORPH decline bi-exponentially with 
      distribution half-life (t(1/2)(alpha)) of 0.50+/-0.07h, elimination half-life 
      (t(1/2)(beta)) of 3.57+/-0.55h, area under the time concentration curve (AUC) of 
      1.03+/-0.10g/hl(-1). The volume of distribution at steady state (Vd(ss)) 
      1.92+/-0.22lkg(-1), volume of the central compartment of the two compartment 
      pharmacokinetic model (V(c)) 0.87+/-0.09lkg(-1), and total body clearance (Cl(T)) 
      of 0.60+/-0.09l/hkg(-1). Three orphenadrine metabolites were identified in urine 
      samples of camels. The first metabolite N-desmethyl-orphenadrine resulted from 
      N-dealkylation of ORPH with molecular ion m/z 255. The second 
      N,N-didesmethyl-orphenadrine, resulted from N-didesmethylation with molecular ion 
      m/z 241. The third metabolite, hydroxyl-orphenadrine, resulted from the 
      hydroxylation of ORPH with molecular ion m/z 285. ORPH and its metabolites in 
      camel were extensively eliminated in conjugated form. ORPH remains detectable in 
      camel urine for three days after i.v. administration of a single dose of 350mg 
      orphenadrine aspartate.
FAU - Elghazali, M
AU  - Elghazali M
AD  - Camel Racing Forensic Laboratory, Directorate for Forensic Sciences, Abu Dhabi, 
      United Arab Emirates. mezali@yahoo.com
FAU - Wasfi, I A
AU  - Wasfi IA
FAU - Abdel Hadi, A A
AU  - Abdel Hadi AA
FAU - Latum, A M
AU  - Latum AM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20080305
PL  - England
TA  - Res Vet Sci
JT  - Research in veterinary science
JID - 0401300
RN  - 0 (Muscle Relaxants, Central)
RN  - AL805O9OG9 (Orphenadrine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Area Under Curve
MH  - Camelus/*metabolism
MH  - Chromatography, Ion Exchange
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Half-Life
MH  - Injections, Intravenous
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Male
MH  - Muscle Relaxants, Central/administration & dosage/blood/pharmacokinetics/urine
MH  - Orphenadrine/administration & dosage/*blood/*pharmacokinetics/urine
EDAT- 2008/03/07 09:00
MHDA- 2008/11/19 09:00
CRDT- 2008/03/07 09:00
PHST- 2007/07/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/01/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/01/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/03/07 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/11/19 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/03/07 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0034-5288(08)00007-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.01.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Res Vet Sci. 2008 Dec;85(3):563-9. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.01.006. Epub 2008 Mar 
      5.