PMID- 18351187
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080507
LR  - 20220318
IS  - 1784-3286 (Print)
IS  - 1784-3286 (Linking)
VI  - 62
IP  - 6
DP  - 2007 Nov-Dec
TI  - Clustering of behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD): a 
      European Alzheimer's disease consortium (EADC) study.
PG  - 426-32
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study investigated the relationships between 
      behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). METHODS: We recruited 
      194 patients with dementia from the memory clinic practice of six European 
      Alzheimer's Disease Consortium centres. BPSD were assessed using a pre-designed 
      questionnaire comprising the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). BPSD scores were 
      analysed by Spearman's correlation analysis and principal components factor 
      analysis. Results were confirmed by performing Varimax rotation of the factors. 
      RESULTS: The NPI symptoms occurred very frequently: 96% of the patients displayed 
      at least one symptom. Among them, apathy (59.6%) and depression (58.5%) were the 
      most common abnormalities, followed by irritability (44.6%), anxiety (44%) and 
      agitation (41.5%). Four NPI-based factors were identified (58% of the common 
      variance): psychosis factor (irritability, agitation, hallucinations and 
      anxiety), psychomotor factor (aberrant motor behaviour and delusions), mood 
      liability factor (disinhibition, elation and depression) and instinctual factor 
      (appetite disturbance, sleep disturbance and apathy). CONCLUSION: Psychosis, 
      psychomotor factor, mood liability factor and instinctual factor form four 
      distinct behavioural syndromes in dementia. We report the novel observation that 
      depression clusters together with disinhibition and elation within a mood 
      liability factor. This finding highlights the nature of mood, and mood 
      oscillations, from depression to disinhibition within the cluster, and has 
      implications for treatment by taking into consideration the poles of the mood 
      scale and any oscillation between them.
FAU - Petrovic, M
AU  - Petrovic M
AD  - Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Ghent University Hospital and Heymans 
      Institute of Pharmacology, Ghent, Belgium. mirko.petrovic@ugent.be
FAU - Hurt, C
AU  - Hurt C
FAU - Collins, D
AU  - Collins D
FAU - Burns, A
AU  - Burns A
FAU - Camus, V
AU  - Camus V
FAU - Liperoti, R
AU  - Liperoti R
FAU - Marriott, A
AU  - Marriott A
FAU - Nobili, F
AU  - Nobili F
FAU - Robert, P
AU  - Robert P
FAU - Tsolaki, M
AU  - Tsolaki M
FAU - Vellas, B
AU  - Vellas B
FAU - Verhey, F
AU  - Verhey F
FAU - Byrne, E J
AU  - Byrne EJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
PL  - England
TA  - Acta Clin Belg
JT  - Acta clinica Belgica
JID - 0370306
SB  - IM
MH  - Affect
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Cluster Analysis
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Dementia/*psychology
MH  - Europe
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Neuropsychological Tests
MH  - Psychomotor Performance
MH  - Psychotic Disorders/*epidemiology
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
EDAT- 2008/03/21 09:00
MHDA- 2008/05/08 09:00
CRDT- 2008/03/21 09:00
PHST- 2008/03/21 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/05/08 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/03/21 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1179/acb.2007.062 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Acta Clin Belg. 2007 Nov-Dec;62(6):426-32. doi: 10.1179/acb.2007.062.