PMID- 18360561
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110714
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1176-6336 (Print)
IS  - 1178-203X (Electronic)
IS  - 1176-6336 (Linking)
VI  - 1
IP  - 3
DP  - 2005 Sep
TI  - Influence of anatomical site and topical formulation on skin penetration of 
      sunscreens.
PG  - 209-18
AB  - Sunscreen products are widely used to protect the skin from sun-related damage. 
      Previous studies have shown that some sunscreen chemicals are absorbed across the 
      skin to the systemic circulation. The current study shows that absorption into 
      the skin of sunscreen chemicals applied to the face is up to four times greater 
      than that of the same product applied to the back. This has implications for the 
      way sunscreen products are formulated and may allow the use of less potent 
      products on the face compared with the rest of the body. The effect of 
      formulation vehicles on the release and skin penetration of the common sunscreen 
      agent benzophenone-3 (common name oxybenzone) was also assessed. Penetration of 
      benzophenone-3 across excised human epidermis and high-density polyethylene 
      (HDPE) membrane was measured using in vitro Franz-type diffusion cells. 
      Penetration and epidermal retention was measured following application of 
      infinite and finite (epidermis only) doses of benzophenone-3 in five vehicles: 
      liquid paraffin, coconut oil, 50:50 ethanol:coconut oil, aqueous cream BP, and 
      oily cream BP. Highest benzophenone-3 skin retention was observed for the 
      ethanol:coconut oil combination. Maximal and minimal benzophenone-3 fluxes were 
      observed from liquid paraffin and coconut oil, respectively. The alcohol-based 
      vehicle exhibited low benzophenone-3 release from the vehicle but high skin 
      penetration and retention.
FAU - Benson, Heather Ae
AU  - Benson HA
FAU - Sarveiya, Vikram
AU  - Sarveiya V
FAU - Risk, Stacey
AU  - Risk S
FAU - Roberts, Michael S
AU  - Roberts MS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Ther Clin Risk Manag
JT  - Therapeutics and clinical risk management
JID - 101253281
PMC - PMC1661631
EDAT- 2008/03/25 09:00
MHDA- 2008/03/25 09:01
PMCR- 2006/01/01
CRDT- 2008/03/25 09:00
PHST- 2008/03/25 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/03/25 09:01 [medline]
PHST- 2008/03/25 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2006/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2005 Sep;1(3):209-18.