PMID- 18374365
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20081001
LR  - 20171116
IS  - 0025-326X (Print)
IS  - 0025-326X (Linking)
VI  - 57
IP  - 6-12
DP  - 2008
TI  - A study of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated 
      biphenyls (PCBs) in the livestock waste compost of Hong Kong, PR China.
PG  - 381-91
LID - 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.02.012 [doi]
AB  - Composting is one of the waste disposal methods adopted for disposal of livestock 
      waste in Hong Kong. The composting livestock waste normally undergoes 6-8 weeks 
      fermentation, followed by 16-20 weeks maturation. The matured compost is sold as 
      soil conditioner in the local market. In 2006, feedstock material and a 
      time-series of compost samples were collected throughout the fermentation and 
      maturation process from the Sha Ling Composting Plant in the New Territories. The 
      feedstock material and compost samples were analyzed for contents of three 
      unintentional persistent organic pollutants (POPs), i.e. dioxins/furans, 
      dioxin-like PCBs and total PCBs. These POPs are unintentionally produced 
      by-products of chemical industrial processes and combustion processes. Selected 
      heavy metals were also analyzed, which served as conservative tracers to 
      determine potential mass loss during the composting process. Levels of 
      contamination by these POPs were found to be low in the matured compost for sale. 
      The mean concentrations (lower-upper bound) of total dioxins/furans, total 
      dioxin-like PCBs and total PCBs were 2.01-2.05 ng I-TEQ/kg dw, 0.04-0.05 ng 
      WHO-TEQ/kg dw and 1.55-1.55 microg/kg dw, respectively. Progressively elevated 
      levels of these POPs were observed in the compost samples during the fermentation 
      process. Analysis of the congener profiles revealed that the heptaCDD and octaCDD 
      were the main contributors to the observed increase in dioxin/furan content. The 
      possible sources of dioxins/furans in the compost were discussed. The study 
      results established a local dioxins/furans emission factor specific to the trade 
      and provided a better estimate of the annual dioxins/furans emission for the 
      livestock waste composting activity in Hong Kong.
FAU - Ng, Q Y C
AU  - Ng QY
AD  - Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 
      Government, 33/F Revenue Tower, 5 Gloucester Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong, PR China.
FAU - Chan, A H M
AU  - Chan AH
FAU - Ma, S W Y
AU  - Ma SW
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20080418
PL  - England
TA  - Mar Pollut Bull
JT  - Marine pollution bulletin
JID - 0260231
RN  - 0 (Benzofurans)
RN  - 0 (Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins)
RN  - 0 (Soil)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Animals, Domestic
MH  - Benzofurans/*analysis
MH  - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Fermentation
MH  - Hong Kong
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/*analysis
MH  - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/*analogs & derivatives/analysis
MH  - Refuse Disposal
MH  - Soil/*analysis
EDAT- 2008/04/01 09:00
MHDA- 2008/10/02 09:00
CRDT- 2008/04/01 09:00
PHST- 2007/07/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/02/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/02/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/04/01 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/10/02 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/04/01 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0025-326X(08)00087-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.02.012 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mar Pollut Bull. 2008;57(6-12):381-91. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.02.012. Epub 
      2008 Apr 18.