PMID- 18393922
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080623
LR  - 20191110
IS  - 1871-5303 (Print)
IS  - 1871-5303 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 1
DP  - 2008 Mar
TI  - Distinct functions of retinoic acid receptor beta isoforms: implications for 
      targeted therapy.
PG  - 47-50
AB  - Vitamin A is essential for development and differentiation of multiple tissues. 
      Its derivatives, the retinoids, are potent drugs used to treat and prevent a 
      variety of diseases. Retinoid effects are mediated by retinoic acid receptors 
      (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). There are three known RARs (alpha, beta, 
      and gamma), and multiple isoforms of each receptor exist. Many of the therapeutic 
      effects of retinoids including cancer chemoprevention and treatment of 
      dermatologic disorders are mediated through RARbeta. In humans, five isoforms of 
      this gene have been described. Specific isoforms of RARbeta exert distinct and 
      sometimes opposing functions by altering patterns of target gene induction. 
      Functional isoforms that activate distinct cassettes of target genes with 
      differing biologic consequences include RARbeta1' and RARbeta2. Dominant negative 
      isoforms of this gene that inhibit target gene activation include RARbeta4 and 
      RARbeta5. RARbeta1 is poorly understood although this may function as an oncogene 
      in certain cancers. Chromatin modifying drugs have been shown to trigger 
      isoform-specific changes in the RARbeta gene. This review focuses on the 
      structure and function of RARbeta isoforms as well as recent work in the 
      epigenetic targeting of specific RARbeta isoforms. Discerning isoform-specific 
      functions will be critical for exploiting the full potential of retinoid-based 
      therapy including rational approaches to combining retinoids with chromatin 
      modifying drugs.
FAU - Swift, Catherine B
AU  - Swift CB
AD  - Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center 
      Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
FAU - Hays, John L
AU  - Hays JL
FAU - Petty, W Jeffrey
AU  - Petty WJ
LA  - eng
GR  - P41 RR-01081/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - United Arab Emirates
TA  - Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets
JT  - Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets
JID - 101269157
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Retinoic Acid)
RN  - 0 (Retinoids)
RN  - 0 (retinoic acid receptor beta)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Humans
MH  - Isomerism
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - Receptors, Retinoic Acid/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Retinoids/*therapeutic use
RF  - 41
EDAT- 2008/04/09 09:00
MHDA- 2008/06/24 09:00
CRDT- 2008/04/09 09:00
PHST- 2008/04/09 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/06/24 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/04/09 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.2174/187153008783928389 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2008 Mar;8(1):47-50. doi: 
      10.2174/187153008783928389.