PMID- 18394794
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090129
LR  - 20171116
IS  - 0304-3894 (Print)
IS  - 0304-3894 (Linking)
VI  - 159
IP  - 2-3
DP  - 2008 Nov 30
TI  - Microbial community dynamics during composting of sewage sludge and straw studied 
      through phospholipid and neutral lipid analysis.
PG  - 593-601
LID - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.062 [doi]
AB  - The composting process involves a succession of different communities of 
      microorganisms that decompose the initial material, transforming it into a stable 
      final product. In this work, the levels of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), 
      neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) and sterol were monitored in compost versus time, 
      as indicators of the activity of various microorganisms (Gram-positive or 
      Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, etc.). During composting, the PLFA and NLFA from 
      Gram-negative bacteria and eukaryotes (2-OH 10; 3-OH 12; 2-OH 14; 13:0; 16:1; 
      18:1 trans) as well as some sterols of plant origin (e.g. monostearin sterols) 
      decreased until the end of composting. In contrast, the branched fatty acids with 
      iso- and anteiso-forms (i-15:0; a-15:0; i-16; i-17) increased mainly in the 
      thermophilic phase, but decreased right after. The PLFA 18:2 (6; 9), which is 
      used as an index of the occurrence of some fungi, rose strongly at the beginning 
      of composting, but fell after peak heating. In contrast, the other main sterol 
      indicative of fungi, ergosterol, decreased at the beginning of the thermophilic 
      phase, but increased strongly by the end of composting. Accordingly, cluster and 
      PCA analysis separated the PLFA of Gram-negative bacteria and eukaryotic cells 
      from those of Gram-positive bacteria and long-chain fatty acids. The fungal PLFA 
      considered, 18:2 (9, 12), was clustered more closely to iso- and anteiso-branched 
      PLFAs. Stigmasterol, squalene and cholesterol occurred in the lower right part of 
      the loading plot and were clustered more closely to iso-, anteiso-branched PLFAs 
      and 18:2 w 6,9 suggesting their relationship to microbial activities. We also 
      observed the tendency of resistance of fatty acid PLFAs and NLFAs of long chain 
      (19:0 (cis-9); 20:0) and some recalcitrant sterols, e.g. sitosterol, at the end 
      of composting. The presence of high levels of the latter in the final stage 
      indicates their contribution to the structural stability of organic matter 
      fractions. These recalcitrant components were more clustered and occurred in the 
      lower right part of the loading plot.
FAU - Amir, S
AU  - Amir S
AD  - Departement de Biologie, Faculte Polydisciplinaire, Beni Mellal, Morocco.
FAU - Merlina, G
AU  - Merlina G
FAU - Pinelli, E
AU  - Pinelli E
FAU - Winterton, P
AU  - Winterton P
FAU - Revel, J-C
AU  - Revel JC
FAU - Hafidi, M
AU  - Hafidi M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20080223
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Hazard Mater
JT  - Journal of hazardous materials
JID - 9422688
RN  - 0 (Esters)
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids)
RN  - 0 (Lipids)
RN  - 0 (Phospholipids)
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
RN  - 0 (Soil)
RN  - 0 (Sterols)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacteria/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Cluster Analysis
MH  - Esters/analysis
MH  - Fatty Acids/analysis
MH  - Fungi/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Lipids/*analysis
MH  - Phospholipids/*analysis
MH  - Sewage/*microbiology
MH  - Soil/*analysis
MH  - Sterols/analysis
EDAT- 2008/04/09 09:00
MHDA- 2009/01/30 09:00
CRDT- 2008/04/09 09:00
PHST- 2007/12/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/02/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/02/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/04/09 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/01/30 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/04/09 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0304-3894(08)00297-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.062 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Hazard Mater. 2008 Nov 30;159(2-3):593-601. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.062. 
      Epub 2008 Feb 23.