PMID- 18398470
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080610
LR  - 20220311
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 3
IP  - 4
DP  - 2008 Apr 9
TI  - Negative correlation between brain glutathione level and negative symptoms in 
      schizophrenia: a 3T 1H-MRS study.
PG  - e1944
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0001944 [doi]
LID - e1944
AB  - BACKGROUND: Glutathione (GSH), a major intracellular antioxidant, plays a role in 
      NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission, which is involved in the 
      pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In the present study, we aimed to investigate 
      whether GSH levels are altered in the posterior medial frontal cortex of 
      schizophrenic patients. Furthermore, we examined correlations between GSH levels 
      and clinical variables in patients. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Twenty schizophrenia 
      patients and 16 age- and gender-matched normal controls were enrolled to examine 
      the levels of GSH in the posterior medial frontal cortex by using 3T SIGNA EXCITE 
      (1)H-MRS with the spectral editing technique, MEGA-PRESS. Clinical variables of 
      patients were assessed by the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Scale for 
      the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale 
      (BPRS), Drug-Induced Extra-Pyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS), and five cognitive 
      performance tests (Word Fluency Test, Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, Wisconsin 
      Card Sorting Test and Digit Span Distractibility Test). Levels of GSH in the 
      posterior medial frontal cortex of schizophrenic patients were not different from 
      those of normal controls. However, we found a significant negative correlation 
      between GSH levels and the severity of negative symptoms (SANS total score and 
      negative symptom subscore on BPRS) in patients. There were no correlations 
      between brain GSH levels and scores on any cognitive performance test except 
      Trail Making Test part A. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that GSH levels in 
      the posterior medial frontal cortex may be related to negative symptoms in 
      schizophrenic patients. Therefore, agents that increase GSH levels in the brain 
      could be potential therapeutic drugs for negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
FAU - Matsuzawa, Daisuke
AU  - Matsuzawa D
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 
      Japan.
FAU - Obata, Takayuki
AU  - Obata T
FAU - Shirayama, Yukihiko
AU  - Shirayama Y
FAU - Nonaka, Hiroi
AU  - Nonaka H
FAU - Kanazawa, Yoko
AU  - Kanazawa Y
FAU - Yoshitome, Eiji
AU  - Yoshitome E
FAU - Takanashi, Junichi
AU  - Takanashi J
FAU - Matsuda, Tsuyoshi
AU  - Matsuda T
FAU - Shimizu, Eiji
AU  - Shimizu E
FAU - Ikehira, Hiroo
AU  - Ikehira H
FAU - Iyo, Masaomi
AU  - Iyo M
FAU - Hashimoto, Kenji
AU  - Hashimoto K
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20080409
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate)
RN  - GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antioxidants/metabolism
MH  - Brain/*metabolism
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Cognition
MH  - Female
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Glutathione/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/*methods
MH  - Male
MH  - Oxidative Stress
MH  - Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism
MH  - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
MH  - Schizophrenia/*metabolism/pathology
PMC - PMC2275307
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2008/04/10 09:00
MHDA- 2008/06/11 09:00
PMCR- 2008/04/09
CRDT- 2008/04/10 09:00
PHST- 2008/02/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/02/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/04/10 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/06/11 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/04/10 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2008/04/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 08-PONE-RA-03685R1 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0001944 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2008 Apr 9;3(4):e1944. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001944.