PMID- 18419175
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090202
LR  - 20161018
IS  - 0730-7268 (Print)
IS  - 0730-7268 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 10
DP  - 2008 Oct
TI  - Concentrations and patterns of perfluoroalkyl acids in Georgia, USA surface 
      waters near and distant to a major use source.
PG  - 2011-8
LID - 10.1897/07-659.1 [doi]
AB  - Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are widespread contaminants emanating from, among 
      other sources, the production/degradation of fluorinated chemicals used in 
      surface repellant applications, such as carpet manufacturing. The goal of the 
      present study was to assess the concentrations of PFAAs, including 
      perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), 
      perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic 
      acid (PFUA), and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), in surface waters both near 
      a wastewater land application system (LAS) in Dalton (GA, USA), home to North 
      America's largest carpet manufacturing site, and distant to this location 
      (Altamaha River, GA, USA) to understand the fate of PFAAs in freshwater. Levels 
      of PFAAs were high in the Conasauga River (GA, USA) downstream of the LAS (PFOA, 
      253-1,150 ng/L; PFOS, 192-318 ng/L; PFNA, 202-369 ng/L; PFDA, 30.1-113 ng/L; 
      PFUA, 58.0-99.2 ng/L; PFOSA, 162-283 ng/L) and in streams and ponds in Dalton 
      (PFOA, 49.9-299 ng/L; PFOS, 15.8-120 ng/L), and were among the highest measured 
      at a nonspill or direct-release location. Perfluoroalkyl acids in the Altamaha 
      River were much lower (PFOA, 3.0-3.1 ng/L; PFOS, 2.6-2.7 ng/L), but were a source 
      of PFAAs to Georgia's estuaries. A preliminary hazard assessment indicated that 
      concentrations of PFOS at two sites in the Conasauga River exceeded the threshold 
      effect predicted for birds consuming aquatic organisms that are exposed 
      continuously to the PFOS levels at these sites. Assuming that toxicity for all 
      PFAAs quantified is equal to that of PFOS, the sum total PFAAs at two sites 
      within the Conasauga River exceeded PFOS thresholds for aquatic and avian 
      species, warranting additional research.
FAU - Konwick, Brad J
AU  - Konwick BJ
AD  - Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, 
      Georgia 30602, USA.
FAU - Tomy, Gregg T
AU  - Tomy GT
FAU - Ismail, Nargis
AU  - Ismail N
FAU - Peterson, James T
AU  - Peterson JT
FAU - Fauver, Rebecca J
AU  - Fauver RJ
FAU - Higginbotham, David
AU  - Higginbotham D
FAU - Fisk, Aaron T
AU  - Fisk AT
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Toxicol Chem
JT  - Environmental toxicology and chemistry
JID - 8308958
RN  - 0 (Fluorocarbons)
RN  - 0 (Industrial Waste)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Fluorocarbons/*analysis
MH  - Fresh Water/analysis
MH  - Georgia
MH  - Industrial Waste/analysis
MH  - Quality Control
MH  - Reference Standards
MH  - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis
EDAT- 2008/04/19 09:00
MHDA- 2009/02/03 09:00
CRDT- 2008/04/19 09:00
PHST- 2007/12/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/04/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/04/19 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/02/03 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/04/19 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 07-659 [pii]
AID - 10.1897/07-659.1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Toxicol Chem. 2008 Oct;27(10):2011-8. doi: 10.1897/07-659.1.