PMID- 18420631
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080630
LR  - 20171116
IS  - 1525-3198 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-0302 (Linking)
VI  - 91
IP  - 5
DP  - 2008 May
TI  - Metabolism of dairy cows as affected by prepartum dietary carbohydrate source and 
      supplementation with chromium throughout the periparturient period.
PG  - 2011-20
LID - 10.3168/jds.2007-0696 [doi]
AB  - Holstein cows (n = 72) entering second or later lactation were used to determine 
      whether metabolic indices and hepatic capacities for oxidation and 
      gluconeogenesis from propionate are affected by source of carbohydrate in the 
      prepartum diet and chromium-l-methionine (Cr-Met) supplementation throughout the 
      periparturient period. Cows were fed prepartum diets as total mixed rations with 
      the concentrate portion based either on starch-based cereals [high nonfiber 
      carbohydrate (NFC); 1.59 Mcal/kg of net energy for lactation (NE(L)), 14.4% crude 
      protein (CP), 40.3% NFC] or nonforage fiber sources (low NFC; 1.54 Mcal/kg of 
      NE(L), 14.5% CP, 33.6% NFC) from 21 d before expected parturition until 
      parturition. After parturition all cows were fed a common lactation total mixed 
      ration (1.74 Mcal/kg of NE(L), 16.5% CP, 40.0% NFC). The Cr-Met was supplemented 
      once daily via gelatin capsule at dosages of 0, 0.03, or 0.06 mg of Cr/kg of 
      BW(0.75). Thus, treatments were in a 2 (carbohydrate source) x 3 (Cr-Met) 
      factorial arrangement. There was no effect of prepartum carbohydrate source on 
      pre- and postpartum plasma concentrations of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids 
      (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), insulin, glucagon, or insulin to glucagon 
      ratio. However, cows fed the low NFC diet during the prepartum period tended to 
      have greater plasma NEFA and lower BHBA concentrations postpartum. Liver glycogen 
      concentrations tended to be greater on d 1 postpartum for cows fed low NFC 
      prepartum. Supplementing 0.03 mg/kg of BW(0.75) of Cr as Cr-Met increased 
      prepartum plasma glucose and glucagon concentrations and tended to decrease 
      prepartum plasma NEFA concentrations compared with either 0 or 0.06 mg of Cr/kg 
      of BW(0.75). Postpartum plasma glucose concentrations decreased linearly and 
      glucagon concentrations were increased quadratically by administering increasing 
      amounts of Cr-Met. Supplementing Cr-Met did not affect prepartum plasma 
      concentrations of insulin or BHBA, postpartum NEFA or BHBA, or liver composition. 
      There was an interaction of prepartum carbohydrate source and Cr-Met 
      supplementation such that in vitro hepatic conversion of [1-(14)C]propionate to 
      both CO(2) and glucose was similar or increased when Cr-Met was supplemented to 
      cows fed the low NFC diet but decreased when Cr-Met was supplemented to cows fed 
      the high NFC diet. Insulin addition in vitro did not affect hepatic metabolism of 
      propionate on d 1 postpartum. Overall, both the NFC content of the prepartum diet 
      and Cr-Met had only modest effects on metabolic indices in this experiment.
FAU - Smith, K L
AU  - Smith KL
AD  - Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
FAU - Waldron, M R
AU  - Waldron MR
FAU - Ruzzi, L C
AU  - Ruzzi LC
FAU - Drackley, J K
AU  - Drackley JK
FAU - Socha, M T
AU  - Socha MT
FAU - Overton, T R
AU  - Overton TR
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - J Dairy Sci
JT  - Journal of dairy science
JID - 2985126R
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Fiber)
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids, Nonesterified)
RN  - 0 (Propionates)
RN  - 0R0008Q3JB (Chromium)
RN  - 9007-92-5 (Glucagon)
RN  - TZP1275679 (3-Hydroxybutyric Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid/blood
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blood Glucose/analysis
MH  - Cattle/*metabolism
MH  - Chromium/*administration & dosage
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*administration & dosage
MH  - Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - Drug Interactions
MH  - Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood
MH  - Female
MH  - Glucagon/blood
MH  - Gluconeogenesis
MH  - Lactation/physiology
MH  - Liver/metabolism
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - Parturition
MH  - Postpartum Period/metabolism
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Propionates/metabolism
EDAT- 2008/04/19 09:00
MHDA- 2008/07/01 09:00
CRDT- 2008/04/19 09:00
PHST- 2008/04/19 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/07/01 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/04/19 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0022-0302(08)71237-2 [pii]
AID - 10.3168/jds.2007-0696 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Dairy Sci. 2008 May;91(5):2011-20. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0696.