PMID- 18468789
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090129
LR  - 20121115
IS  - 0304-3894 (Print)
IS  - 0304-3894 (Linking)
VI  - 159
IP  - 2-3
DP  - 2008 Nov 30
TI  - Applicability of cloud point extraction coupled with microwave-assisted 
      back-extraction to the determination of organophosphorous pesticides in human 
      urine by gas chromatography with flame photometry detection.
PG  - 300-5
LID - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.081 [doi]
AB  - A procedure for the determination of organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) - 
      phorate, diazinon, parathion-methyl, fenthion and quinalphos - in human urine was 
      developed using the cloud point extraction of nonionic surfactant (Triton X-114) 
      coupled with microwave-assisted back-extraction prior to gas chromatography with 
      flame photometry detection (GC-FPD) analysis. The upper organic solution obtained 
      from back-extraction was centrifugated simply for further cleanup for the sake of 
      automatic injection. A preconcentration factor of 50 was obtained for these five 
      OPPs extracted from only 10 mL of a sample. The limits of detection (LODs) were 
      0.07 ng mL(-1) for phorate, fenthion and quinalphos, 0.04 ng mL(-1) for diazinon 
      and 0.08 ng mL(-1) for parathion-methyl. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were 
      0.21, 0.12, 0.24, 0.21 and 0.21 ng mL(-1), respectively. Accuracy of the method 
      was evaluated by bias, which ranged from +6.85 to -14.68%. Precision was also 
      good; the relative standard deviations (R.S.D.s) were less than 9%. The method 
      showed to be potential for biological monitoring.
FAU - Jia, Guifang
AU  - Jia G
AD  - Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, 
      China.
FAU - Lv, Chunguang
AU  - Lv C
FAU - Zhu, Wentao
AU  - Zhu W
FAU - Qiu, Jing
AU  - Qiu J
FAU - Wang, Xinquan
AU  - Wang X
FAU - Zhou, Zhiqiang
AU  - Zhou Z
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20080229
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Hazard Mater
JT  - Journal of hazardous materials
JID - 9422688
RN  - 0 (Indicators and Reagents)
RN  - 0 (Organophosphates)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 0 (Surface-Active Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Calibration
MH  - Centrifugation
MH  - Chromatography, Gas
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Indicators and Reagents
MH  - Microwaves
MH  - Organophosphates/*urine
MH  - Pesticides/*urine
MH  - Photometry
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Specimen Handling
MH  - Surface-Active Agents/chemistry
MH  - Temperature
EDAT- 2008/05/13 09:00
MHDA- 2009/01/30 09:00
CRDT- 2008/05/13 09:00
PHST- 2007/08/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/02/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/02/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/05/13 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/01/30 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/05/13 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0304-3894(08)00249-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.081 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Hazard Mater. 2008 Nov 30;159(2-3):300-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.081. 
      Epub 2008 Feb 29.