PMID- 18486399
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080903
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0731-7085 (Print)
IS  - 0731-7085 (Linking)
VI  - 47
IP  - 4-5
DP  - 2008 Aug 5
TI  - Process characterization of powder blending by near-infrared spectroscopy: blend 
      end-points and beyond.
PG  - 738-45
LID - 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.03.013 [doi]
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to utilize near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to 
      characterize powder blending in-line. A multivariate model-based approach was 
      used to determine end-point and variability at the end-point of blending 
      processes. Two monitoring positions for NIR spectrometers were evaluated; one was 
      located on the top of the Bin-blender and the other was on the rotation axis. A 
      ternary powder mixture including acetaminophen (APAP, fine and coarse powder), 
      lactose (LAC) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, Avicel 101 and 200) was used 
      as a test system. A Plackett-Burman design of experiments (DOE) for different 
      blending parameters and compositions was utilized to compare the robustness of 
      end-point determination between the multivariate model-based algorithm and 
      reference algorithms. The end-point determination algorithm, including root mean 
      square from nominal value (RMSNV) and two-tailed Student's t-test, was developed 
      based on PLS predicted concentrations of all three constituents. Mean and 
      standard deviation of RMSNV after end-point were used to characterize blending 
      variability at the end-point. The blending end-point and variability of two 
      sensors were also compared. The multivariate model-based algorithm proved to be 
      more robust on end-point determination compared to the reference algorithms. 
      Blending behavior at the two sensor locations demonstrated a significant 
      difference in terms of end-point and blending variability, indicating the 
      advantage to employ process monitoring via NIR spectroscopy on more than one 
      location on the Bin-blender.
FAU - Shi, Zhenqi
AU  - Shi Z
AD  - Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 
      15282, USA.
FAU - Cogdill, Robert P
AU  - Cogdill RP
FAU - Short, Steve M
AU  - Short SM
FAU - Anderson, Carl A
AU  - Anderson CA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20080322
PL  - England
TA  - J Pharm Biomed Anal
JT  - Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
JID - 8309336
RN  - 0 (Powders)
RN  - 362O9ITL9D (Acetaminophen)
RN  - 9004-34-6 (Cellulose)
RN  - J2B2A4N98G (Lactose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acetaminophen/chemistry
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Calibration
MH  - Cellulose/chemistry
MH  - Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/*methods
MH  - Lactose/chemistry
MH  - Least-Squares Analysis
MH  - Multivariate Analysis
MH  - Powders/*chemistry
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/*instrumentation/*methods
MH  - *Technology, Pharmaceutical
EDAT- 2008/05/20 09:00
MHDA- 2008/09/04 09:00
CRDT- 2008/05/20 09:00
PHST- 2007/10/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/02/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/03/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/05/20 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/09/04 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/05/20 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0731-7085(08)00133-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.03.013 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2008 Aug 5;47(4-5):738-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.03.013. 
      Epub 2008 Mar 22.