PMID- 18494898
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100610
LR  - 20080522
IS  - 1468-2494 (Electronic)
IS  - 0142-5463 (Linking)
VI  - 25
IP  - 4
DP  - 2003 Aug
TI  - Skin-lightening products revisited.
PG  - 169-81
LID - 10.1046/j.1467-2494.2003.00182.x [doi]
AB  - Skin colour typology depends on the amount and location of its chromophores. 
      Among them, eumelanins derived from 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) 
      and 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI), and phaeomelanins are of utmost importance. These 
      biomolecules result from the multi-step enzymatic and non-enzymatic conversion of 
      tyrosine into melanins. Pigmentation disorders are multiple and depend on 
      alterations in the density in active melanocytes, and on specific abnormalities 
      of any of the complex melanogenesis mechanisms. This review presents some of the 
      main skin-lightening agents with respect to their mechanisms of action and 
      side-effects. Some of the novel compounds may lead to new perspectives in the 
      fields of dermatology and cosmetology. The methods commonly used to assess 
      efficacy of skin-lightening products rely on in vitro models including cell-free 
      enzymatic assays, melanocyte cultures and reconstructed epidermis bioassays. 
      Animal models have little relevance. By contrast, human testing with the support 
      of instrumental evaluations is the most informative.
FAU - Petit, L
AU  - Petit L
AD  - Department of Dermatopathology, University Medical Center Sart Tilman, B-4000 
      Liege, Belgium.
FAU - Pierard, G E
AU  - Pierard GE
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Int J Cosmet Sci
JT  - International journal of cosmetic science
JID - 8007161
EDAT- 2008/05/23 09:00
MHDA- 2008/05/23 09:01
CRDT- 2008/05/23 09:00
PHST- 2008/05/23 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/05/23 09:01 [medline]
PHST- 2008/05/23 09:00 [entrez]
AID - ICS182 [pii]
AID - 10.1046/j.1467-2494.2003.00182.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Cosmet Sci. 2003 Aug;25(4):169-81. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.2003.00182.x.