PMID- 18505557 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20080701 LR - 20211020 IS - 1750-1172 (Electronic) IS - 1750-1172 (Linking) VI - 3 DP - 2008 May 27 TI - Deletion 22q13.3 syndrome. PG - 14 LID - 10.1186/1750-1172-3-14 [doi] AB - The deletion 22q13.3 syndrome (deletion 22q13 syndrome or Phelan-McDermid syndrome) is a chromosome microdeletion syndrome characterized by neonatal hypotonia, global developmental delay, normal to accelerated growth, absent to severely delayed speech, and minor dysmorphic features. The deletion occurs with equal frequency in males and females and has been reported in mosaic and non-mosaic forms. Due to lack of clinical recognition and often insufficient laboratory testing, the syndrome is under-diagnosed and its true incidence remains unknown. Common physical traits include long eye lashes, large or unusual ears, relatively large hands, dysplastic toenails, full brow, dolicocephaly, full cheeks, bulbous nose, and pointed chin. Behavior is autistic-like with decreased perception of pain and habitual chewing or mouthing. The loss of 22q13.3 can result from simple deletion, translocation, ring chromosome formation and less common structural changes affecting the long arm of chromosome 22, specifically the region containing the SHANK3 gene. The diagnosis of deletion 22q13 syndrome should be considered in all cases of hypotonia of unknown etiology and in individuals with absent speech. Although the deletion can sometimes be detected by high resolution chromosome analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is recommended for confirmation. Differential diagnosis includes syndromes associated with hypotonia, developmental delay, speech delay and/or autistic-like affect (Prader-Willi, Angelman, Williams, Smith-Magenis, Fragile X, Sotos, FG, trichorhinophalangeal and velocardiofacial syndromes, autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy). Genetic counseling is recommended and parental laboratory studies should be considered to identify cryptic rearrangements and detect parental mosaicism. Prenatal diagnosis should be offered for future pregnancies in those families with inherited rearrangements. Individuals with deletion 22q13 should have routine examinations by the primary care physician as well as genetic evaluations with referral to specialists if neurological, gastrointestinal, renal, or other systemic problems are suspected. Affected individuals benefit from early intervention programs, intense occupational and communication therapies, adaptive exercise and sport programs, and other therapies to strengthen their muscles and increase their communication skills. No apparent life-threatening organic abnormalities accompany the diagnosis of deletion 22q13. FAU - Phelan, Mary C AU - Phelan MC AD - Cytogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Pathology Laboratory Network, 250 East Broadway, Maryville, TN 37804, USA. kphelan@mplnet.com LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20080527 PL - England TA - Orphanet J Rare Dis JT - Orphanet journal of rare diseases JID - 101266602 RN - 0 (Carrier Proteins) RN - 0 (Nerve Tissue Proteins) RN - 0 (SHANK3 protein, human) SB - IM MH - Carrier Proteins/genetics MH - Child MH - *Chromosome Deletion MH - *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 MH - Developmental Disabilities/*genetics MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Genetic Counseling MH - Humans MH - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence MH - Nerve Tissue Proteins MH - Prenatal Diagnosis MH - Prognosis MH - Speech Disorders/*genetics MH - Syndrome PMC - PMC2427010 EDAT- 2008/05/29 09:00 MHDA- 2008/07/02 09:00 PMCR- 2008/05/27 CRDT- 2008/05/29 09:00 PHST- 2008/01/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2008/05/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2008/05/29 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2008/07/02 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/05/29 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2008/05/27 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 1750-1172-3-14 [pii] AID - 10.1186/1750-1172-3-14 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2008 May 27;3:14. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-3-14.