PMID- 18514500
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080917
LR  - 20121115
IS  - 0940-2993 (Print)
IS  - 0940-2993 (Linking)
VI  - 60
IP  - 2-3
DP  - 2008 Jun
TI  - In vitro models for the assessment of inflammatory and immuno-modulatory effects 
      of the volatile organic compound chlorobenzene.
PG  - 185-93
LID - 10.1016/j.etp.2008.01.009 [doi]
AB  - An in vitro cell culture system based on an air/liquid culture technique was 
      developed which allows a direct exposure of cells to volatile chemicals without 
      medium coverage. For the establishment of the experimental system, chlorobenzene 
      was used as a model compound. Chlorobenzene is a volatile organic compound which 
      is mainly used as a solvent. Beside other adverse health effects, chlorobenzene 
      exposure has been shown to be associated with respiratory tract irritations, Th2 
      differentiation, and allergic sensitizations. Human peripheral blood mononuclear 
      cells (PBMC) and lung epithelial cells (A549) were exposed to chlorobenzene via 
      gas phase for 20 h. Additionally, PBMC were incubated with culture supernatants 
      from exposed lung epithelial cells. High chlorobenzene concentrations (100 
      g/m(3)) induced IL-8 production in A549 cells, whereby lower concentrations (10 
      microg/m(3)-1 g/m(3)) stimulated the secretion of the monocyte chemoattractant 
      protein-1 (MCP-1). A direct effect of chlorobenzene on the cytokine secretion of 
      PBMC was not found. However, if PBMC were incubated with culture supernatants of 
      exposed lung cells, an enhanced production of the Th2 cytokine IL-13 was 
      observed. This induction was prevented in the presence of an anti-MCP-1 antibody. 
      Our data suggest that chlorobenzene induces the production of inflammatory 
      mediators in lung cells. The primary chlorobenzene caused release of MCP-1 in 
      lung epithelial cells may secondarily result in a Th2 differentiation in T 
      lymphocytes. These findings may contribute to the understanding of how 
      chlorobenzene mediates the development of inflammatory reactions in the airways 
      and contributes to the development of an allergic reactivity.
FAU - Lehmann, Irina
AU  - Lehmann I
AD  - Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre of Environmental 
      Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. irina.lehmann@ufz.de
FAU - Roder-Stolinski, Carmen
AU  - Roder-Stolinski C
FAU - Nieber, Karen
AU  - Nieber K
FAU - Fischader, Gundula
AU  - Fischader G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20080602
PL  - Germany
TA  - Exp Toxicol Pathol
JT  - Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur 
      Toxikologische Pathologie
JID - 9208920
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Blocking)
RN  - 0 (CCL2 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Chemokine CCL2)
RN  - 0 (Chlorobenzenes)
RN  - 0 (Culture Media, Conditioned)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-13)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-8)
RN  - 0 (Solvents)
RN  - K18102WN1G (chlorobenzene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibodies, Blocking/pharmacology
MH  - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
MH  - Cell Culture Techniques/instrumentation/*methods
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor
MH  - Cell Survival/drug effects
MH  - Chemokine CCL2/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Chlorobenzenes/*toxicity
MH  - Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation/*chemically induced/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Interleukin-13/metabolism
MH  - Interleukin-8/metabolism
MH  - Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Lung Neoplasms
MH  - Respiratory Mucosa/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Solvents/*toxicity
MH  - Volatilization
EDAT- 2008/06/03 09:00
MHDA- 2008/09/18 09:00
CRDT- 2008/06/03 09:00
PHST- 2007/12/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/01/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/06/03 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/09/18 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/06/03 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0940-2993(08)00029-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.etp.2008.01.009 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2008 Jun;60(2-3):185-93. doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2008.01.009. Epub 
      2008 Jun 2.