PMID- 18550430
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090210
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1438-4639 (Print)
IS  - 1438-4639 (Linking)
VI  - 211
IP  - 5-6
DP  - 2008 Oct
TI  - Long-term biomonitoring of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine 
      pesticides in human milk from mothers living in northern Germany.
PG  - 624-38
LID - 10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.04.001 [doi]
AB  - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides are persistent 
      organic pollutants that have a widespread distribution in the environment. Human 
      biomonitoring is a suitable tool to assess the burden of humans with these 
      substances. Over a time span of 8 years, a free analysis of their milk was 
      offered to lactating mothers residing in the state of Lower Saxony, Germany. The 
      human milk was analyzed for a number of organic chemicals including 
      polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane 
      (DDT), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH). Factors 
      that may influence these levels were investigated using a questionnaire. In 
      total, 4314 samples were collected in the years 1999-2006 and analyzed for their 
      content of these persistent organic pollutants (POPs). A clear downward trend of 
      median total PCB, DDT, beta-HCH and HCB values in all participants and also in 
      different selected subgroups could be observed. The median values of calculated 
      total PCB in the year 2006 including all participants was 0.1825mg/kg lipid, that 
      of DDT 0.0815mg/kg lipid, beta-HCH 0.0116mg/kg lipid and of HCB 0.0229mg/kg 
      lipid. There were reductions between 40.9% and 47.1% compared to the year 1999. 
      Among other influencing factors, median concentrations of total PCB, DDT, 
      beta-HCH and HCB showed a clear rise with increasing age of mothers whereas an 
      increasing number of breastfed infants per mother led to a decrease. The 
      proportions of other measured substances exceeding limits of quantification were 
      as follows: dieldrin 68.6%, alpha-HCH 1.3%, gamma-HCH 60.1%, heptachlor epoxide 
      41.5%, musk xylene 15.6%, musk ambrette 0.4%. We conclude that the known 
      declining trend of important xenobiotic substances in human milk of German 
      mothers has continued.
FAU - Zietz, Bjorn P
AU  - Zietz BP
AD  - Governmental Institute of Public Health of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsisches 
      Landesgesundheitsamt), Division of Environmental Medicine and Environmental 
      Epidemiology, Roesebeckstrasse 4-6, D-30449 Hannover, Germany. 
      bjoern.zietz@nlga.niedersachsen.be
FAU - Hoopmann, Michael
AU  - Hoopmann M
FAU - Funcke, Markus
AU  - Funcke M
FAU - Huppmann, Rene
AU  - Huppmann R
FAU - Suchenwirth, Roland
AU  - Suchenwirth R
FAU - Gierden, Edith
AU  - Gierden E
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20080611
PL  - Germany
TA  - Int J Hyg Environ Health
JT  - International journal of hygiene and environmental health
JID - 100898843
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - Germany
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/*analysis
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Milk, Human/*chemistry
MH  - Pesticides/chemistry
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/*analysis
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2008/06/14 09:00
MHDA- 2009/02/12 09:00
CRDT- 2008/06/14 09:00
PHST- 2008/01/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/03/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/04/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/06/14 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/02/12 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/06/14 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S1438-4639(08)00024-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.04.001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2008 Oct;211(5-6):624-38. doi: 
      10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.04.001. Epub 2008 Jun 11.