PMID- 18561911
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20081024
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0014-2999 (Print)
IS  - 0014-2999 (Linking)
VI  - 589
IP  - 1-3
DP  - 2008 Jul 28
TI  - Choline, CDP-choline or phosphocholine increases plasma glucagon in rats: 
      involvement of the peripheral autonomic nervous system.
PG  - 315-22
LID - 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.05.017 [doi]
AB  - The present study was designed to test the effects of choline, 
      cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) and phosphocholine on plasma glucagon 
      concentrations in rats. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 200-600 micromol/kg 
      of choline, CDP-choline or phosphocholine produced a dose-dependent increase in 
      plasma glucagon and choline concentrations. Pretreatment with hexamethonium (15 
      mg/kg; i.p.), a peripherally-acting ganglionic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor 
      antagonist, entirely blocked the increases in plasma glucagon by 600 micromol/kg 
      of choline, CDP-choline or phosphocholine. The increases in plasma glucagon by 
      these choline compounds was reduced significantly (P<0.01) by about 25% by 
      pretreatment with atropine methylnitrate (2 mg/kg), a peripherally-acting 
      muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. Blockade of central acetylcholine 
      receptors did not alter the increase in plasma glucagon induced by i.p. choline 
      (600 micromol/kg). While alpha(2)-adrenoceptor blockade or bilateral 
      adrenalectomy attenuated the increase in plasma glucagon evoked by choline 
      compounds, blockade of alpha(1)- or beta-adrenoceptors or chemical sympathectomy 
      failed to alter this increase. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) choline (1.5 
      micromol) administration also increased plasma glucagon; the effect was blocked 
      by central pretreatment with a neuronal type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor 
      antagonist, mecamylamine (50 microg; i.c.v.) or the neuronal choline uptake 
      inhibitor, hemicholinium-3 (20 microg; i.c.v.). These data show that choline, 
      CDP-choline or phosphocholine increases plasma glucagon concentrations by 
      increasing peripheral nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic neurotransmissions. 
      Central choline also increases plasma glucagon by augmenting central nicotinic 
      cholinergic neurotransmission by acting presynaptically. Stimulation of adrenal 
      medullary catecholamine release and subsequent activation of 
      alpha(2)-adrenoceptors are mainly involved in the increase in plasma glucagon 
      induced by choline, CDP-choline or phosphocholine.
FAU - Cansev, Mehmet
AU  - Cansev M
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Uludag University Medical 
      School, Bursa, Turkey. mcansev@uludag.edu.tr <mcansev@uludag.edu.tr>
FAU - Ilcol, Yesim Ozarda
AU  - Ilcol YO
FAU - Yilmaz, Mustafa Sertac
AU  - Yilmaz MS
FAU - Hamurtekin, Emre
AU  - Hamurtekin E
FAU - Ulus, Ismail H
AU  - Ulus IH
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20080524
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Eur J Pharmacol
JT  - European journal of pharmacology
JID - 1254354
RN  - 0 (Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists)
RN  - 0 (Adrenergic beta-Antagonists)
RN  - 0 (Ganglionic Blockers)
RN  - 0 (Muscarinic Antagonists)
RN  - 0 (Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Nicotinic Antagonists)
RN  - 107-73-3 (Phosphorylcholine)
RN  - 536BQ2JVC7 (Cytidine Diphosphate Choline)
RN  - 9007-92-5 (Glucagon)
RN  - N91BDP6H0X (Choline)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adrenal Medulla/drug effects/innervation/*metabolism
MH  - Adrenalectomy
MH  - Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology
MH  - Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Autonomic Nervous System/drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Brain/metabolism
MH  - Choline/administration & dosage/blood/*metabolism
MH  - Cytidine Diphosphate Choline/administration & dosage/*metabolism
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Ganglionic Blockers/pharmacology
MH  - Glucagon/*blood
MH  - Injections, Intraperitoneal
MH  - Injections, Intraventricular
MH  - Male
MH  - Muscarinic Antagonists/pharmacology
MH  - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology
MH  - Nicotinic Antagonists/pharmacology
MH  - Phosphorylcholine/administration & dosage/*metabolism
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Sympathectomy, Chemical
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Up-Regulation
EDAT- 2008/06/20 09:00
MHDA- 2008/10/25 09:00
CRDT- 2008/06/20 09:00
PHST- 2008/01/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/04/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/05/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/06/20 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/10/25 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/06/20 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0014-2999(08)00561-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.05.017 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Jul 28;589(1-3):315-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.05.017. 
      Epub 2008 May 24.