PMID- 18575198
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080717
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1359-6535 (Print)
IS  - 1359-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 13 Suppl 2
DP  - 2008
TI  - Antiretroviral drug resistance surveillance among drug-naive HIV-1-infected 
      individuals in Gauteng Province, South Africa in 2002 and 2004.
PG  - 101-7
AB  - BACKGROUND: Surveillance for transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance was conducted 
      among drug-naive HIV-1-infected pregnant women in South Africa, where single-dose 
      nevirapine has been in use since 2001 and a national antiretroviral treatment 
      programme started in 2004. METHODS: All subjects were from the Gauteng Province 
      and were part of the 2002 and 2004 annual antenatal HIV seroprevalence survey 
      conducted by the South African National Department of Health. All subjects met 
      the inclusion criteria as set out by the World Health Organisation guidelines for 
      HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance surveillance (women <22 years of age and in 
      first pregnancy). Genotyping was performed on viral RNA by sequencing the 
      protease and reverse transcriptase genes. Samples were also tested for the K103N 
      mutation using a highly sensitive allele-specific real-time PCR assay (AS-PCR). 
      RESULTS: Of 128 eligible participants from 2002, 65 (51%) samples were 
      successfully amplified. None of them had evidence of resistance mutations by 
      genotyping or by AS-PCR. Of 117 eligible participants from 2004, 48 (41%) samples 
      were successfully amplified. Of these, one had T69D and one had the K70R 
      resistance mutation, to give a total of 2/48 (4.2%) participants with evidence of 
      resistance mutations by genotyping. One sample that was wild-type by genotyping 
      was positive for K103N by AS-PCR. All samples clustered phylogenetically with 
      HIV-1 subtype C, the predominant subtype circulating in South Africa. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Using the threshold survey, resistance prevalence overall and for 
      each drug class in 2002 and 2004 was <5% for the Gauteng province of South 
      Africa. The detection of a low frequency of resistance mutations in the 2004 
      survey suggests that surveillance should be conducted annually among untreated 
      populations to determine if this increases with time.
FAU - Pillay, Visva
AU  - Pillay V
AD  - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.
FAU - Ledwaba, Johanna
AU  - Ledwaba J
FAU - Hunt, Gillian
AU  - Hunt G
FAU - Rakgotho, Mpho
AU  - Rakgotho M
FAU - Singh, Beverly
AU  - Singh B
FAU - Makubalo, Lindiwe
AU  - Makubalo L
FAU - Bennett, Diane E
AU  - Bennett DE
FAU - Puren, Adrian
AU  - Puren A
FAU - Morris, Lynn
AU  - Morris L
LA  - eng
GR  - U62/CCU022901-1/CC/ODCDC CDC HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - England
TA  - Antivir Ther
JT  - Antiviral therapy
JID - 9815705
RN  - 0 (Anti-Retroviral Agents)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.- (reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.49 (HIV Reverse Transcriptase)
RN  - EC 3.4.23.- (HIV Protease)
RN  - EC 3.4.23.- (p16 protease, Human immunodeficiency virus 1)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - Drug Resistance, Viral/*genetics
MH  - Female
MH  - Genotype
MH  - HIV Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology/transmission/virology
MH  - HIV Protease/genetics
MH  - HIV Reverse Transcriptase/genetics
MH  - HIV Seroprevalence
MH  - HIV-1/enzymology/*genetics/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - *National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Population Surveillance
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - *Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Program Evaluation
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - South Africa/epidemiology
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Treatment Outcome
MH  - World Health Organization
EDAT- 2008/06/26 09:00
MHDA- 2008/07/18 09:00
CRDT- 2008/06/26 09:00
PHST- 2008/06/26 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/07/18 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/06/26 09:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antivir Ther. 2008;13 Suppl 2:101-7.