PMID- 18582161
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080808
LR  - 20080627
IS  - 0033-7587 (Print)
IS  - 0033-7587 (Linking)
VI  - 170
IP  - 1
DP  - 2008 Jul
TI  - Physical and biological organ dosimetry analysis for international space station 
      astronauts.
PG  - 127-38
LID - 10.1667/RR1330.1 [doi]
AB  - In this study, we analyzed the biological and physical organ dose equivalents for 
      International Space Station (ISS) astronauts. Individual physical dosimetry is 
      difficult in space due to the complexity of the space radiation environment, 
      which consists of protons, heavy ions and secondary neutrons, and the 
      modification of these radiation types in tissue as well as limitations in 
      dosimeter devices that can be worn for several months in outer space. Astronauts 
      returning from missions to the ISS undergo biodosimetry assessment of chromosomal 
      damage in lymphocyte cells using the multicolor fluorescence in situ 
      hybridization (FISH) technique. Individual-based pre-flight dose responses for 
      lymphocyte exposure in vitro to gamma rays were compared to those exposed to 
      space radiation in vivo to determine an equivalent biological dose. We compared 
      the ISS biodosimetry results, NASA's space radiation transport models of organ 
      dose equivalents, and results from ISS and space shuttle phantom torso 
      experiments. Physical and biological doses for 19 ISS astronauts yielded average 
      effective doses and individual or population-based biological doses for the 
      approximately 6-month missions of 72 mSv and 85 or 81 mGy-Eq, respectively. 
      Analyses showed that 80% or more of organ dose equivalents on the ISS are from 
      galactic cosmic rays and only a small contribution is from trapped protons and 
      that GCR doses were decreased by the high level of solar activity in recent 
      years. Comparisons of models to data showed that space radiation effective doses 
      can be predicted to within about a +/-10% accuracy by space radiation transport 
      models. Finally, effective dose estimates for all previous NASA missions are 
      summarized.
FAU - Cucinotta, Francis A
AU  - Cucinotta FA
AD  - NASA, Space Radiation Program, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 
      77058, USA. Francis.A.Cucinotta@NASA.gov
FAU - Kim, Myung-Hee Y
AU  - Kim MH
FAU - Willingham, Veronica
AU  - Willingham V
FAU - George, Kerry A
AU  - George KA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Radiat Res
JT  - Radiation research
JID - 0401245
SB  - IM
MH  - *Astronauts
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Internationality
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Radiometry
MH  - *Spacecraft
MH  - Whole-Body Irradiation
EDAT- 2008/06/28 09:00
MHDA- 2008/08/09 09:00
CRDT- 2008/06/28 09:00
PHST- 2008/01/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/03/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/06/28 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/08/09 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/06/28 09:00 [entrez]
AID - RR1330 [pii]
AID - 10.1667/RR1330.1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Radiat Res. 2008 Jul;170(1):127-38. doi: 10.1667/RR1330.1.