PMID- 18610674
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20080812
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 0377-9343 (Print)
IS  - 0377-9343 (Linking)
VI  - 48
IP  - 3
DP  - 2006 Jul-Sep
TI  - Inflammatory cytokine levels in induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 
      in pulmonary sarcoidosis.
PG  - 177-81
AB  - BACKGROUND: The immune inflammatory process in patients with sarcoidosis is not 
      only compartmentalized within the alveolar walls, but also involves the bronchial 
      airways. Analysis of induced sputum has been used as a non-invasive tool for 
      investigating the airways and may reflect the endobronchial and parenchymal 
      inflammation in patients with sarcoidosis. This present study was designed to 
      measure the soluble pro-inflammatory cytokine levels interleukin-1 (IL-1), 
      interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumuor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and percentage of 
      macrophages expressing these cytokines in induced sputum and bronchoalveolar 
      lavage (BAL) fluid in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. METHODS: Sputum 
      induction and BAL was carried out in 27 patients with newly diagnosed 
      sarcoidosis. Control group consisted of six patients with a normal chest 
      radiograph (three patients with carcinoma esophagus and three patients with 
      doubtful history of hemoptysis). Induced sputum was also obtained from 10 
      non-smoking, non-atopic healthy controls. RESULTS: Percentage of macrophages 
      expressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and soluble cytokine levels in induced 
      sputum were higher in patients with sarcoidosis compared to both groups of 
      controls. There was good correlation between IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels (r = 0.49, 
      0.58 p < 0.05) and percentage of macrophages expressing all three cytokines (r = 
      0.56-0.71, p < 0.01) between induced sputum and BAL fluid. Mild positive 
      correlation between cytokine levels in sputum and age was also noted (r = 
      0.33-0.38, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Induced sputum may reflect changes in cytokine 
      milieu in BAL in sarcoidosis.
FAU - Balamugesh, Thangakunam
AU  - Balamugesh T
AD  - Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and 
      Research, Chandigarh, India.
FAU - Behera, Digambar
AU  - Behera D
FAU - Bhatnagar, Archana
AU  - Bhatnagar A
FAU - Majumdar, Sidhartha
AU  - Majumdar S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - India
TA  - Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci
JT  - The Indian journal of chest diseases & allied sciences
JID - 7612044
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-1)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Biomarkers/metabolism
MH  - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/*immunology
MH  - Cytokines/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Interleukin-1/metabolism
MH  - Interleukin-6/metabolism
MH  - Macrophages/immunology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/*immunology
MH  - Sputum/*immunology
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
EDAT- 2008/07/10 09:00
MHDA- 2008/08/13 09:00
CRDT- 2008/07/10 09:00
PHST- 2008/07/10 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/08/13 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/07/10 09:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2006 Jul-Sep;48(3):177-81.