PMID- 18639911
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20081205
LR  - 20090713
IS  - 1878-3503 (Electronic)
IS  - 0035-9203 (Linking)
VI  - 102
IP  - 10
DP  - 2008 Oct
TI  - Leprosy occurring as immune reconstitution syndrome.
PG  - 966-8
LID - 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.06.003 [doi]
AB  - Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) may occur in HIV-infected 
      patients after starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Since 2003, 
      19 cases were published as IRIS. Leprosy has been reported as an example of an 
      IRIS, and it is important that this syndrome should be recognized in 
      leprosy-endemic areas. The case definition of leprosy as IRIS is based on 
      clinical presentation of leprosy, evidence of immune restoration and timing of 
      onset. Case definition should include the following: (1) leprosy and/or leprosy 
      type 1 reaction presenting within six months of starting HAART; (2) advanced HIV 
      infection; (3) low CD4+ count before start HAART; (4) CD4+ count increasing after 
      HAART has been started. Although pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear, it is 
      likely that leprosy-associated IRIS will be increasingly reported in those 
      countries endemic for both diseases and as access to HAART becomes more widely 
      available.
FAU - Deps, Patricia D
AU  - Deps PD
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria-ES, 
      Brazil. patricia.deps@lshtm.ac.uk
FAU - Lockwood, Diana N J
AU  - Lockwood DN
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20080718
PL  - England
TA  - Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
JT  - Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
JID - 7506129
SB  - IM
MH  - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*chemically induced/immunology
MH  - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects
MH  - CD4 Lymphocyte Count
MH  - HIV Infections/*drug therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/*chemically induced
MH  - Leprosy/*chemically induced/immunology
RF  - 18
EDAT- 2008/07/22 09:00
MHDA- 2008/12/17 09:00
CRDT- 2008/07/22 09:00
PHST- 2008/05/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/06/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/06/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/07/22 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/12/17 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/07/22 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0035-9203(08)00262-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.06.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008 Oct;102(10):966-8. doi: 
      10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.06.003. Epub 2008 Jul 18.