PMID- 18640704
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090115
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 0048-9697 (Print)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 405
IP  - 1-3
DP  - 2008 Nov 1
TI  - Field tests of surface seals and soil treatments to reduce fumigant emissions 
      from shank injection of Telone C35.
PG  - 206-14
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.021 [doi]
AB  - A mixture of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) (Telone C35) is an 
      increasingly used fumigant product for pre-plant soil fumigation in California, 
      USA. Atmospheric emissions of volatile organic compounds, including these 
      important pesticides, is more heavily regulated in an effort to improve 
      air-quality. Research has identified various methods of reducing fumigant 
      emissions but effective and economically feasible field methods are still needed. 
      The objective of this field study was to determine the effectiveness of several 
      surface seal and soil treatment methods on emissions of 1,3-D and CP from 
      shank-injected Telone C35. Treatments included control (bare surface), 
      pre-irrigation (irrigation prior to fumigation), post-fumigation water seals with 
      or without potassium thiosulfate (KTS) amendment, and standard high density 
      polyethylene (HDPE) tarp over soils amended with either KTS or composted manure. 
      The two KTS treatments resulted in the lowest fumigant emissions; but the soil 
      surface in the treatments developed a reddish-orange color and an unpleasant odor 
      that lasted for a few months. The pre-irrigation reduced emissions more than 
      post-application water seals. An application of composted manure at 12.4 Mg ha(- 
      1) spread over the soil surface followed by HDPE tarp did not reduce 1,3-D 
      emissions compared to the bare soils in this trial, indicating that a better 
      understanding of processes is required in order to effectively use organic 
      amendments for minimizing fumigant emissions. Chloropicrin emissions were 
      generally lower than 1,3-D for all treatments.
FAU - Gao, Suduan
AU  - Gao S
AD  - USDA-ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, USA. 
      Suduan.Gao@ars.usda.gov
FAU - Qin, Ruijun
AU  - Qin R
FAU - McDonald, Jason A
AU  - McDonald JA
FAU - Hanson, Bradley D
AU  - Hanson BD
FAU - Trout, Thomas J
AU  - Trout TJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20080721
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Allyl Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 9H780918D0 (1,3-dichloro-1-propene)
RN  - I4JTX7Z7U2 (chloropicrin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Allyl Compounds/*analysis
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Environmental Pollution/prevention & control
MH  - *Fumigation
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/*analysis
MH  - Pest Control/*methods
MH  - Pesticide Residues/analysis
MH  - Pesticides/*analysis
EDAT- 2008/07/22 09:00
MHDA- 2009/01/16 09:00
CRDT- 2008/07/22 09:00
PHST- 2008/01/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/05/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/06/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/07/22 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/01/16 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/07/22 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(08)00671-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.021 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2008 Nov 1;405(1-3):206-14. doi: 
      10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.021. Epub 2008 Jul 21.