PMID- 18662733
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20081114
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 0198-8859 (Print)
IS  - 1879-1166 (Electronic)
IS  - 0198-8859 (Linking)
VI  - 69
IP  - 9
DP  - 2008 Sep
TI  - Effect of Bacillus anthracis virulence factors on human dendritic cell 
      activation.
PG  - 552-61
LID - 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.06.012 [doi]
AB  - Bacillus anthracis possesses three primary virulence factors: capsule, lethal 
      toxin (LT), and edema toxin (ET). Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical to innate 
      and acquired immunity and represent potential targets for these factors. We 
      examined the ability of B. anthracis spores and bacilli to stimulate human 
      monocyte-derived DC (MDDC), primary myeloid DC (mDC), and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) 
      cytokine secretion. Exposure of MDDCs and mDCs to spores or vegetative bacilli of 
      the genetically complete strain UT500 induced significantly increased cytokine 
      secretion. Spores lacking genes required for capsule biosynthesis stimulated 
      significantly higher cytokine secretion than UT500 spores from mDCs, but not 
      MDDCs. In contrast, bacilli lacking capsule stimulated significantly higher 
      cytokine secretion than UT500 bacilli in both MDDCs and mDCs. Spores or bacilli 
      lacking both LT and ET stimulated significantly higher cytokine secretion than 
      UT500 spores or bacilli, respectively, in both mDCs and MDDCs. pDCs exposed to 
      spores or bacilli did not produce significant amounts of cytokines even when 
      virulence factors were absent. In conclusion, B. anthracis employs toxins as well 
      as capsule to inhibit human MDDC and mDC cytokine secretion, whereas human pDCs 
      respond poorly even when capsule or both toxins are absent.
FAU - Hahn, Andrew C
AU  - Hahn AC
AD  - Center for Infectious Disease and Immunity, University of New Mexico Health 
      Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
FAU - Lyons, C Rick
AU  - Lyons CR
FAU - Lipscomb, Mary F
AU  - Lipscomb MF
LA  - eng
GR  - P01 AI056295-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U19 AI057234-010002/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U19 AI57234/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P01 AI56295/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U19 AI057234/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T32 AI007538/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P50 HL056384/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P50-HL56384 T32/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P01 AI056295/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20080726
PL  - United States
TA  - Hum Immunol
JT  - Human immunology
JID - 8010936
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Virulence Factors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacillus anthracis/metabolism/*pathogenicity
MH  - Cytokines/biosynthesis/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Dendritic Cells/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Spores, Bacterial/metabolism/*pathogenicity
MH  - Virulence Factors/*immunology/metabolism
PMC - PMC2664623
MID - NIHMS84430
EDAT- 2008/07/30 09:00
MHDA- 2008/11/15 09:00
PMCR- 2009/09/01
CRDT- 2008/07/30 09:00
PHST- 2008/04/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/06/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/06/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/07/30 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/11/15 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/07/30 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0198-8859(08)00110-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.06.012 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Hum Immunol. 2008 Sep;69(9):552-61. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.06.012. Epub 2008 
      Jul 26.