PMID- 18680314
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090210
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1520-5010 (Electronic)
IS  - 0893-228X (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 9
DP  - 2008 Sep
TI  - Cytotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mouse fibroblast cells.
PG  - 1871-7
LID - 10.1021/tx800179f [doi]
AB  - Nanotitanium dioxide (TiO2) is an important industrial material that is widely 
      used as an additive in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food colorants. Although 
      the small size of the TiO2 nanoparticle is useful in various applications, the 
      biosafety of this material needs to be evaluated. In this study, mouse fibroblast 
      (L929) cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of different concentrations 
      (3-600 microg/mL) of homogeneous and weakly aggregated TiO2 nanoparticles in 
      aqueous solution. The L929 cells became round and even shrank as the 
      concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles increased. Moreover, TiO2 
      nanoparticle-treated cells had condensed fragmented chromatin or were directly 
      necrosed, as observed by acridine orange (AO) staining. The transmission electron 
      microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that in cells cultured in a medium containing 
      300 microg/mL TiO2, the number of lysosomes increased, and some cytoplasmic 
      organelles were damaged. In addition, there was a significant increase in 
      oxidative stress at higher TiO2 nanoparticle concentrations (>60 microg/mL). As 
      the concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles increased in the culture medium, the 
      levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 
      increased, while those of methyl tetrazolium cytotoxicity (MTT), glutathione 
      (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased. A possible mechanism for the 
      cytotoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles is also discussed.
FAU - Jin, Cheng-Yu
AU  - Jin CY
AD  - Instrumental Analysis Center, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, School 
      of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 
      China.
FAU - Zhu, Bang-Shang
AU  - Zhu BS
FAU - Wang, Xue-Feng
AU  - Wang XF
FAU - Lu, Qing-Hua
AU  - Lu QH
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20080805
PL  - United States
TA  - Chem Res Toxicol
JT  - Chemical research in toxicology
JID - 8807448
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 15FIX9V2JP (titanium dioxide)
RN  - D1JT611TNE (Titanium)
RN  - EC 1.1.1.27 (L-Lactate Dehydrogenase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis/drug effects
MH  - Cell Proliferation/drug effects
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Crystallization
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Drug Design
MH  - Fibroblasts/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
MH  - Mice
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
MH  - Nanoparticles/*toxicity
MH  - Oxidative Stress/drug effects
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - Powder Diffraction
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
MH  - Titanium/chemistry/*toxicity
EDAT- 2008/08/06 09:00
MHDA- 2009/02/12 09:00
CRDT- 2008/08/06 09:00
PHST- 2008/08/06 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/02/12 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/08/06 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/tx800179f [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chem Res Toxicol. 2008 Sep;21(9):1871-7. doi: 10.1021/tx800179f. Epub 2008 Aug 5.