PMID- 18687297
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20081110
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1567-5769 (Print)
IS  - 1567-5769 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 10
DP  - 2008 Oct
TI  - Pentoxifylline down modulate in vitro T cell responses and attenuate pathology in 
      Leishmania and HTLV-I infections.
PG  - 1344-53
LID - 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.03.020 [doi]
AB  - Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is known to have numerous biological 
      properties relating to inflammation. This cytokine participates in the tissue 
      damage of chronic inflammatory, autoimmune and infectious diseases. 
      Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine that inhibits phosphodiesterase IV, which 
      inhibits the degradation of the cAMP and prostanoids. The increased intracellular 
      concentration of the cAMP leads to a negative regulation of NF-kappaB and NF-AT 
      transcription factors and suppresses TNF-alpha production. This review describes 
      studies that support evidences that TNF-alpha is involved in the pathogenesis of 
      HTLV-1 associated myelopathy and of cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis. 
      Additionally, it demonstrates the effect of pentoxifylline in vitro in inhibiting 
      TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma spontaneous production in PBMC from HTLV-1-infected 
      patients, as well as its in vivo effect in inhibiting TNF-alpha in sera from 
      mucosal leishmaniasis patients. Moreover, we review the results of clinical 
      studies from the last 10 years using pentoxifylline to treat HTLV-1 associated 
      myelopathy and cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis.
FAU - Ribeiro de Jesus, Amelia
AU  - Ribeiro de Jesus A
AD  - Servico de Imunologia, Hospital Universitario Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade 
      Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
FAU - Luna, Tania
AU  - Luna T
FAU - Pacheco de Almeida, Roque
AU  - Pacheco de Almeida R
FAU - Machado, Paulo Roberto Lima
AU  - Machado PR
FAU - Carvalho, Edgar M
AU  - Carvalho EM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20080428
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Int Immunopharmacol
JT  - International immunopharmacology
JID - 100965259
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon-gamma)
RN  - SD6QCT3TSU (Pentoxifylline)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - HTLV-I Infections/blood/immunology/*pathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Interferon-gamma/blood
MH  - Leishmania
MH  - Leishmaniasis/blood/immunology/*pathology
MH  - Pentoxifylline/*pharmacology
MH  - T-Lymphocytes/*drug effects/immunology
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
EDAT- 2008/08/09 09:00
MHDA- 2008/11/11 09:00
CRDT- 2008/08/09 09:00
PHST- 2007/10/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/03/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/03/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/08/09 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/11/11 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/08/09 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S1567-5769(08)00111-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.03.020 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int Immunopharmacol. 2008 Oct;8(10):1344-53. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.03.020. 
      Epub 2008 Apr 28.