PMID- 18688454
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20081103
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1464-0333 (Electronic)
IS  - 1464-0325 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 7
DP  - 2008 Jul
TI  - Spatial biomonitoring of persistent organic pollutants in Iran: a study using 
      locally produced butter.
PG  - 861-6
LID - 10.1039/b802061b [doi]
AB  - Butter is a readily collected, integrative and inexpensive sampling matrix for 
      the spatial mapping of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) at the national or 
      regional scale. As air-plant-animal transfers generally supply the POPs reaching 
      butter lipid, this study used butter for an initial evaluation of the occurrence, 
      levels and distribution of POPs (selected organochlorine pesticides and PCBs) in 
      Iran, a country for which very little information on usage, emissions and 
      environmental burdens of these compounds exists. Fifty samples from rural and 
      urban areas, in the north, west and central regions of the country were collected 
      from local farms in spring 2007. Concentrations of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE varied 
      widely by a factor of approximately 1000 and approximately 370 (8450 pg g(-1) 
      lipid and 46 800 pg g(-1) lipid on average). The highest levels, found mainly in 
      urban areas in the centre of the country, were amongst the highest reported in 
      the world. PCB concentrations (4320 pg g(-1) lipid on average) varied by a factor 
      of approximately 160 and were highest close to urban centres and lowest in the 
      rural northwest. Although Iran is not known for widespread PCB usage in the past, 
      concentrations were higher than a 'global average' reported in a butter survey in 
      2001. This simple sampling approach could be adopted in other regions where cows 
      graze, as part of an initial screening to help meet obligations under the 
      Stockholm Convention.
FAU - Jafari, Amirali
AU  - Jafari A
AD  - Centre for Chemicals Management and Environmental Science Department, Lancaster 
      Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK.
FAU - Moeckel, Claudia
AU  - Moeckel C
FAU - Jones, Kevin C
AU  - Jones KC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20080521
PL  - England
TA  - J Environ Monit
JT  - Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM
JID - 100968688
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Insecticides)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
RN  - 8029-34-3 (Butter)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animal Feed
MH  - Animals
MH  - Butter/*analysis
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*methods
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*chemistry
MH  - Food Contamination
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insecticides/chemistry
MH  - Iran
MH  - Pesticide Residues/chemistry
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
EDAT- 2008/08/09 09:00
MHDA- 2008/11/04 09:00
CRDT- 2008/08/09 09:00
PHST- 2008/08/09 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/11/04 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/08/09 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1039/b802061b [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Environ Monit. 2008 Jul;10(7):861-6. doi: 10.1039/b802061b. Epub 2008 May 21.