PMID- 18815142
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090122
LR  - 20100917
IS  - 1096-0929 (Electronic)
IS  - 1096-0929 (Linking)
VI  - 106
IP  - 2
DP  - 2008 Dec
TI  - The respiratory local lymph node assay as a tool to study respiratory 
      sensitizers.
PG  - 423-34
LID - 10.1093/toxsci/kfn199 [doi]
AB  - The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is used to test the potential of low molecular 
      weight (LMW) compounds to induce sensitization via the skin. In the present 
      study, a respiratory LLNA was developed. Male BALB/c mice were exposed 
      head/nose-only during three consecutive days for 45, 90, 180, or 360 min/day to 
      various LMW allergens. Ear application (skin LLNA) was used as a positive 
      control. Negative controls were exposed to the vehicle. Three days after the last 
      exposure, proliferation was determined in the draining mandibular lymph nodes, 
      and the respiratory tract was examined microscopically. Upon inhalation, the 
      allergens trimellitic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 
      toluene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), dinitrochlorobenzene, and 
      oxazolone were positive and showed stimulation indices (SIs) up to 11, whereas 
      trimeric IPDI, formaldehyde, and methyl salicylate were negative (viz. SI < 3). 
      All compounds, except trimeric IPDI, induced histopathological lesions 
      predominantly in the upper respiratory tract. Exposure by inhalation is a 
      realistic approach to test respiratory allergens. However, based on the local 
      toxicity, the dose that can be applied is (generally) much lower than can be 
      achieved by skin application. It is concluded that strong LMW allergens, 
      regardless their immunological nature, besides the skin can also sensitize the 
      body via the respiratory tract. In addition, the contact allergens were as potent 
      as the respiratory allergens, although the potency ranking differed from that in 
      a skin LLNA.
FAU - Arts, Josje H E
AU  - Arts JH
AD  - TNO Quality of Life, Zeist, the Netherlands.
FAU - de Jong, Wim H
AU  - de Jong WH
FAU - van Triel, Jos J
AU  - van Triel JJ
FAU - Schijf, Marcel A
AU  - Schijf MA
FAU - de Klerk, Arja
AU  - de Klerk A
FAU - van Loveren, Henk
AU  - van Loveren H
FAU - Kuper, C Frieke
AU  - Kuper CF
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20080923
PL  - United States
TA  - Toxicol Sci
JT  - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology
JID - 9805461
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Body Weight
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - *Local Lymph Node Assay
MH  - Male
MH  - Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Organ Size
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - Respiratory System/*drug effects/pathology
EDAT- 2008/09/26 09:00
MHDA- 2009/01/23 09:00
CRDT- 2008/09/26 09:00
PHST- 2008/09/26 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/01/23 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/09/26 09:00 [entrez]
AID - kfn199 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/toxsci/kfn199 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicol Sci. 2008 Dec;106(2):423-34. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn199. Epub 2008 Sep 
      23.