PMID- 18817479 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20090223 LR - 20220408 IS - 0066-4308 (Print) IS - 0066-4308 (Linking) VI - 60 DP - 2009 TI - Latent variable modeling of differences and changes with longitudinal data. PG - 577-605 LID - 10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163612 [doi] AB - This review considers a common question in data analysis: What is the most useful way to analyze longitudinal repeated measures data? We discuss some contemporary forms of structural equation models (SEMs) based on the inclusion of latent variables. The specific goals of this review are to clarify basic SEM definitions, consider relations to classical models, focus on testable features of the new models, and provide recent references to more complete presentations. A broader goal is to illustrate why so many researchers are enthusiastic about the SEM approach to data analysis. We first outline some classic problems in longitudinal data analysis, consider definitions of differences and changes, and raise issues about measurement errors. We then present several classic SEMs based on the inclusion of invariant common factors and explain why these are so important. This leads to newer SEMs based on latent change scores, and we explain why these are useful. FAU - McArdle, John J AU - McArdle JJ AD - Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1061, USA. jmcardle@usc.edu LA - eng GR - AG-07137/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Review PL - United States TA - Annu Rev Psychol JT - Annual review of psychology JID - 0372374 SB - IM MH - *Data Interpretation, Statistical MH - Factor Analysis, Statistical MH - Humans MH - *Longitudinal Studies MH - *Models, Statistical MH - Regression Analysis MH - Research Design/statistics & numerical data RF - 105 EDAT- 2008/09/27 09:00 MHDA- 2009/02/24 09:00 CRDT- 2008/09/27 09:00 PHST- 2008/09/27 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2009/02/24 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2008/09/27 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163612 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Annu Rev Psychol. 2009;60:577-605. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163612.