PMID- 18827907
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20081028
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1176-6344 (Print)
IS  - 1178-2048 (Electronic)
IS  - 1176-6344 (Linking)
VI  - 4
IP  - 3
DP  - 2008
TI  - Combining insulins with oral antidiabetic agents: effect on hyperglycemic 
      control, markers of cardiovascular risk and disease.
PG  - 561-74
AB  - Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of 
      cardiovascular disease (CVD). Unfortunately, several potential barriers exist for 
      CVD risk management in diabetes, including the need for significant lifestyle 
      changes, potential problems with hypoglycemia, weight gain, injection 
      tolerability, treatment complexity with current diabetes therapies and other, 
      unmodifiable factors. Improving glycemic control may impact CVD risk. Treatment 
      of T2DM usually starts with lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise. When 
      these become insufficient, pharmacotherapy is required. Various oral antidiabetic 
      drugs (OADs) are available that reduce hyperglycemia. The first line of therapy 
      is usually metformin, since it does not increase weight and seems to have a 
      beneficial effect on CVD mortality and risk factors. As T2DM progresses, insulin 
      treatment becomes necessary for the majority of patients. The last few years have 
      seen the development of long-acting, rapid-acting, and premixed insulin analog 
      formulations. The treat-to-target algorithms of recent studies combining OADs 
      plus insulin analogs have demonstrated that patients can reach glycemic treatment 
      targets with low risk of hypoglycemia, greater convenience, and--with some 
      analogs--limited weight gain vs conventional insulins. These factors may possibly 
      have a positive influence on CVD risk. Future studies will hopefully elucidate 
      the benefits of this approach.
FAU - Hermansen, Kjeld
AU  - Hermansen K
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus University Hospital DK-8000 
      Aarhus, Denmark. kjeld.hermansen@as.aaa.dk
FAU - Mortensen, Lene Sundahl
AU  - Mortensen LS
FAU - Hermansen, Marie-Louise
AU  - Hermansen ML
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Vasc Health Risk Manag
JT  - Vascular health and risk management
JID - 101273479
RN  - 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin A)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (Insulin, Long-Acting)
RN  - 0 (Thiazolidinediones)
RN  - 2ZM8CX04RZ (Insulin Glargine)
RN  - 53027-39-7 (Insulin, Isophane)
RN  - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein)
RN  - 9100L32L2N (Metformin)
SB  - IM
MH  - C-Reactive Protein/analysis
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/*epidemiology/prevention & control
MH  - Diabetic Angiopathies/blood/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/mortality
MH  - Drug Therapy, Combination
MH  - Glycated Hemoglobin
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/*administration & dosage
MH  - Insulin/*administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
MH  - Insulin Glargine
MH  - Insulin, Isophane/pharmacology
MH  - Insulin, Long-Acting
MH  - Metformin/administration & dosage
MH  - Postprandial Period/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Thiazolidinediones/administration & dosage
PMC - PMC2515417
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cardiovascular disease
OT  - diabetes mellitus
OT  - hyperglycemia
OT  - insulin
OT  - oral antidiabetic drugs
OT  - type 2 diabetes
EDAT- 2008/10/02 09:00
MHDA- 2008/10/29 09:00
PMCR- 2008/10/01
CRDT- 2008/10/02 09:00
PHST- 2008/10/02 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/10/29 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/10/02 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2008/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.2147/vhrm.s1815 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008;4(3):561-74. doi: 10.2147/vhrm.s1815.