PMID- 18839349
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090112
LR  - 20210910
IS  - 1064-3745 (Print)
IS  - 1064-3745 (Linking)
VI  - 493
DP  - 2009
TI  - Fluorescence "in situ" hybridization for the detection of biofilm in the middle 
      ear and upper respiratory tract mucosa.
PG  - 191-213
LID - 10.1007/978-1-59745-523-7_12 [doi]
AB  - Most chronic bacterial infections are associated with biofilm formation wherein 
      the bacteria attach to mucosal surfaces, wound tissue, or medical device surfaces 
      in the human body via the formation of an extracellular matrix. Biofilms assume 
      complex three-dimensional structures dependent on the species, the strain, and 
      the prevailing environmental conditions and are composed of both the bacteria and 
      the extracellular slime-like matrices, which surround the bacteria. Bacteria deep 
      in the biofilm live under anaerobic conditions and must use alternatives to O(2) 
      as a terminal electron acceptor. Thus, the metabolic rates of these deep bacteria 
      are greatly reduced, which renders them extremely resistant to antibiotic 
      treatment, and for reasons not clearly understood, it is often very difficult to 
      culture biofilm bacteria using traditional microbiologic techniques. To directly 
      identify and visualize biofilm bacteria in a species-specific manner, we 
      developed a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)-based 16S rRNA fluorescence 
      in situ hybridization (FISH) protocol, to find biofilm bacteria in middle ear and 
      upper respiratory tract mucosa, which preserves the three-dimensional structure 
      of the biofilm and avoids the use of traditional culture techniques.
FAU - Nistico, Laura
AU  - Nistico L
AD  - Center for Genomic Sciences, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny 
      General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
FAU - Gieseke, Armin
AU  - Gieseke A
FAU - Stoodley, Paul
AU  - Stoodley P
FAU - Hall-Stoodley, Luanne
AU  - Hall-Stoodley L
FAU - Kerschner, Joseph E
AU  - Kerschner JE
FAU - Ehrlich, Garth D
AU  - Ehrlich GD
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI080935/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DC004173/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Methods Mol Biol
JT  - Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
JID - 9214969
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacteria/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - *Biofilms
MH  - Ear, Middle/*microbiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/*methods
MH  - Microscopy, Confocal
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
MH  - Respiratory Mucosa/microbiology
MH  - Respiratory System/*microbiology
EDAT- 2008/10/08 09:00
MHDA- 2009/01/13 09:00
CRDT- 2008/10/08 09:00
PHST- 2008/10/08 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/01/13 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/10/08 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/978-1-59745-523-7_12 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Methods Mol Biol. 2009;493:191-213. doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-523-7_12.