PMID- 18842669
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090625
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1460-2199 (Electronic)
IS  - 1047-3211 (Print)
IS  - 1047-3211 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 5
DP  - 2009 May
TI  - Functional dissociations of risk and reward processing in the medial prefrontal 
      cortex.
PG  - 1019-27
LID - 10.1093/cercor/bhn147 [doi]
AB  - Making a risky decision is a complex process that involves evaluation of both the 
      value of the options and the associated risk level. Yet the neural processes 
      underlying these processes have not so far been clearly identified. Using 
      functional magnetic resonance imaging and a task that simulates risky decisions, 
      we found that the dorsal region of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) was 
      activated whenever a risky decision was made, but the degree of this activity 
      across subjects was negatively correlated with their risk preference. In 
      contrast, the ventral MPFC was parametrically modulated by the received 
      gain/loss, and the activation in this region was positively correlated with an 
      individual's risk preference. These results extend existing neurological evidence 
      by showing that the dorsal and ventral MPFC convey different decision signals 
      (i.e., aversion to uncertainty vs. approach to rewarding outcomes), where the 
      relative strengths of these signals determine behavioral decisions involving risk 
      and uncertainty.
FAU - Xue, Gui
AU  - Xue G
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 
      90089-1061, USA.
FAU - Lu, Zhonglin
AU  - Lu Z
FAU - Levin, Irwin P
AU  - Levin IP
FAU - Weller, Joshua A
AU  - Weller JA
FAU - Li, Xiangrui
AU  - Li X
FAU - Bechara, Antoine
AU  - Bechara A
LA  - eng
GR  - DA11779/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA12487/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA16708/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20081008
PL  - United States
TA  - Cereb Cortex
JT  - Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
JID - 9110718
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cognition/physiology
MH  - Decision Making/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Male
MH  - Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology
MH  - *Reward
MH  - *Risk-Taking
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC2665154
EDAT- 2008/10/10 09:00
MHDA- 2009/06/26 09:00
PMCR- 2010/05/01
CRDT- 2008/10/10 09:00
PHST- 2008/10/10 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/06/26 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/10/10 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - bhn147 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/cercor/bhn147 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cereb Cortex. 2009 May;19(5):1019-27. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhn147. Epub 2008 Oct 
      8.