PMID- 18848395
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090518
LR  - 20121115
IS  - 1873-3336 (Electronic)
IS  - 0304-3894 (Linking)
VI  - 164
IP  - 2-3
DP  - 2009 May 30
TI  - Anaerobic biotransformation of fluorene and phenanthrene by sulfate-reducing 
      bacteria and identification of biotransformation pathway.
PG  - 847-55
LID - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.08.101 [doi]
AB  - In the present study, anaerobic biotransformation of fluorene and phenanthrene by 
      sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) was investigated and biotransformation pathways 
      were proposed. SRB was enriched from anaerobic swine wastewater sludge and its 
      abundance was determined by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) 
      technique. Batch anaerobic biotransformation studies were conducted with fluorene 
      (5 mg L(-1)), phenanthrene (5 mg L(-1)) and a mixture of the two (10 mg L(-1)). 
      After 21d of incubation, 88% of fluorene and 65% of phenanthrene were 
      biotransformed by SRB. In contrast to previous studies, a decrease in 
      biotransformation efficiency was observed in the presence of both fluorene and 
      phenanthrene. Throughout the study, sulfate reduction was coupled with 
      biotransformation of fluorene and phenanthrene. However, no increase in bacterial 
      cell density was observed in the presence of an inhibitor, i.e. molybdate. 
      Identification of metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 
      revealed that fluorene and phenanthrene were biotransformed through a sequence of 
      hydration and hydrolysis reactions followed by decarboxylation with the formation 
      of p-cresol (only in the phenanthrene system) and phenol. The metabolites 
      identified suggest novel biotransformation pathways of fluorene and phenenthrene.
FAU - Tsai, Jen-Chieh
AU  - Tsai JC
AD  - Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 
      Taiwan, ROC. vincent.ev92g@nctu.edu.tw
FAU - Kumar, Mathava
AU  - Kumar M
FAU - Lin, Jih-Gaw
AU  - Lin JG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20080905
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Hazard Mater
JT  - Journal of hazardous materials
JID - 9422688
RN  - 0 (Cresols)
RN  - 0 (Fluorenes)
RN  - 0 (Phenanthrenes)
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
RN  - 0 (Sulfates)
RN  - 1MXY2UM8NV (4-cresol)
RN  - 3Q2UY0968A (fluorene)
RN  - 448J8E5BST (phenanthrene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anaerobiosis
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacteria/metabolism
MH  - *Biodegradation, Environmental
MH  - Cresols
MH  - Fluorenes/*metabolism
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Phenanthrenes/*metabolism
MH  - Sewage/microbiology
MH  - Sulfates/metabolism
MH  - Swine
MH  - Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods
EDAT- 2008/10/14 09:00
MHDA- 2009/05/19 09:00
CRDT- 2008/10/14 09:00
PHST- 2008/02/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/06/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/08/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/10/14 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/05/19 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/10/14 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0304-3894(08)01296-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.08.101 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Hazard Mater. 2009 May 30;164(2-3):847-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.08.101. 
      Epub 2008 Sep 5.