PMID- 18849121
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090421
LR  - 20240312
IS  - 0306-4530 (Print)
IS  - 0306-4530 (Linking)
VI  - 34
IP  - 2
DP  - 2009 Feb
TI  - Changes in plasma levels of BDNF and NGF reveal a gender-selective vulnerability 
      to early adversity in rhesus macaques.
PG  - 172-180
LID - S0306-4530(08)00225-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.08.020 [doi]
AB  - Early stressful events can increase vulnerability for psychopathology, although 
      knowledge on the effectors is still limited. Here we tested the hypothesis that 
      peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth 
      factor (NGF), which are involved in the response to stress and in the 
      pathophysiology of anxiety and depression, might be affected in a non-human 
      primate model of adverse rearing. Males and females rhesus macaques reared with 
      their mothers (MR) or in peer-only groups (PR) were used as experimental 
      subjects. BDNF, NGF, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol and growth 
      hormone (GH) were determined at baseline on postnatal days (PND) 14, 30 and 60 by 
      means of specific ELISA and RIA procedures. In addition, behavior was assessed on 
      PND 7, 14, 21, 30 (Brazelton test) and 60 (home cage observation). Data indicate 
      gender differences in basal levels of BDNF throughout development. Peer-rearing 
      increased significantly BDNF levels only in females. In addition, while all 
      peer-reared subjects showed high levels of stereotypies and self-directed 
      behaviors, behavioral passivity was selectively increased in females. By 
      contrast, NGF levels were increased in response to peer-rearing only in males, 
      and correlated positively with other "classic" endocrine responses to stress, 
      such as cortisol and GH. Our data identify BDNF and NGF as neuroendocrine markers 
      underlying differential responses to maternal deprivation in males and females 
      rhesus macaques. The selective changes in BDNF levels in females could help 
      explain the greater vulnerability to mood disorders of this gender reported in 
      humans.
FAU - Cirulli, Francesca
AU  - Cirulli F
AD  - Section of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, 
      Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. 
      Electronic address: francesca.cirulli@iss.it.
FAU - Francia, Nadia
AU  - Francia N
AD  - Section of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, 
      Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
FAU - Branchi, Igor
AU  - Branchi I
AD  - Section of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, 
      Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
FAU - Antonucci, Maria Teresa
AU  - Antonucci MT
AD  - Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, CNR/EBRI, Via Fosso di Fiorano, 
      64/65, 00143 Rome, Italy.
FAU - Aloe, Luigi
AU  - Aloe L
AD  - Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, CNR/EBRI, Via Fosso di Fiorano, 
      64/65, 00143 Rome, Italy.
FAU - Suomi, Stephen J
AU  - Suomi SJ
AD  - Laboratory of Comparative Ethology, NICHD, Poolesville, MD 20837, USA.
FAU - Alleva, Enrico
AU  - Alleva E
AD  - Section of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, 
      Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
LA  - eng
GR  - Z01 HD001106-24/Intramural NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20081011
PL  - England
TA  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
JT  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
JID - 7612148
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 9002-72-6 (Growth Hormone)
RN  - 9061-61-4 (Nerve Growth Factor)
SB  - IM
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Newborn/*metabolism/psychology
MH  - Behavior, Animal
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*blood
MH  - Female
MH  - Growth Hormone/metabolism
MH  - Macaca mulatta
MH  - Male
MH  - Maternal Deprivation
MH  - Nerve Growth Factor/*blood
MH  - Sex Characteristics
MH  - Stress, Psychological/metabolism
PMC - PMC2669596
MID - NIHMS95183
EDAT- 2008/10/14 09:00
MHDA- 2009/04/22 09:00
PMCR- 2010/02/01
CRDT- 2008/10/14 09:00
PHST- 2008/06/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2008/08/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2008/08/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2008/10/14 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/04/22 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/10/14 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0306-4530(08)00225-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.08.020 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009 Feb;34(2):172-180. doi: 
      10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.08.020. Epub 2008 Oct 11.