PMID- 18941165
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20081212
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 1527-1315 (Electronic)
IS  - 0033-8419 (Linking)
VI  - 249
IP  - 3
DP  - 2008 Dec
TI  - How much myocardial damage is necessary to enable detection of focal late 
      gadolinium enhancement at cardiac MR imaging?
PG  - 829-35
LID - 10.1148/radiol.2493080457 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: To assess the visibility of small myocardial lesions at magnetic 
      resonance (MR) imaging and to estimate how much myocardial damage is necessary to 
      enable detection of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in vivo. MATERIALS AND 
      METHODS: The study was approved by the local bioethics committee. Coronary 
      microembolization was performed by injecting 300,000 microspheres into the distal 
      portion of the left anterior descending artery in 18 anesthetized minipigs to 
      create multifocal areas of myocardial damage. In vivo MR imaging was performed a 
      mean of 6 hours after microembolization by using an inversion-recovery spoiled 
      gradient-echo sequence (repetition time msec/echo time msec, 8/4; inversion time, 
      240-320 msec; flip angle, 20 degrees; spatial resolution, 1.3 x 1.7 x 5.0 mm(3)) 
      after injection of 0.2 mmol gadopentetate dimeglumine per kilogram of body 
      weight. High-spatial-resolution imaging of the explanted heart was performed by 
      using the same sequence with a higher spatial resolution (0.5 x 0.5 x 2.0 mm(3)). 
      Imaging results were verified with histologic examination. Signal-to-noise ratio 
      (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of in vivo and ex vivo images were 
      calculated, and a t test was used to analyze observed differences. RESULTS: 
      Multifocal myocardial damage was successfully induced in all animals. Areas of 
      LGE with low SNR (mean, 36.3 +/- 29.4 [standard deviation]) and CNR (23.7 +/- 
      19.8) were observed in vivo in 12 (67%) of 18 animals, whereas ex vivo imaging 
      revealed spotted to streaky areas of LGE with higher SNR (91.4 +/- 27.8, P < 
      .0001) and CNR (72.1 +/- 25.4, P < .0001) among normal-appearing myocardium in 
      all cases (100%). Focal myocardial lesions exceeding 5% of myocardium per slice 
      at histologic examination were detected in vivo with a sensitivity of 83%. 
      CONCLUSION: Focal myocardial damage exceeding 5% of myocardium within the region 
      of interest seems to be necessary for detection of LGE in vivo in an experimental 
      model of coronary microembolization.
CI  - RSNA, 2008
FAU - Nassenstein, Kai
AU  - Nassenstein K
AD  - Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Clinic 
      of Cardiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122 Essen, 
      Germany. Kai.Nassenstein@uni-due.de
FAU - Breuckmann, Frank
AU  - Breuckmann F
FAU - Bucher, Christina
AU  - Bucher C
FAU - Kaiser, Gernot
AU  - Kaiser G
FAU - Konorza, Thomas
AU  - Konorza T
FAU - Schafer, Lena
AU  - Schafer L
FAU - Konietzka, Ina
AU  - Konietzka I
FAU - de Greiff, Armin
AU  - de Greiff A
FAU - Heusch, Gerd
AU  - Heusch G
FAU - Erbel, Raimund
AU  - Erbel R
FAU - Barkhausen, Jorg
AU  - Barkhausen J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20081021
PL  - United States
TA  - Radiology
JT  - Radiology
JID - 0401260
RN  - AU0V1LM3JT (Gadolinium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Embolism/pathology
MH  - *Gadolinium
MH  - *Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Microspheres
MH  - Myocardium/*pathology
MH  - Swine
MH  - Swine, Miniature
EDAT- 2008/10/23 09:00
MHDA- 2008/12/17 09:00
CRDT- 2008/10/23 09:00
PHST- 2008/10/23 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2008/12/17 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/10/23 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 2493080457 [pii]
AID - 10.1148/radiol.2493080457 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Radiology. 2008 Dec;249(3):829-35. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2493080457. Epub 2008 Oct 
      21.