PMID- 18978491
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20090904
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1537-162X (Electronic)
IS  - 0362-5664 (Linking)
VI  - 32
IP  - 2
DP  - 2009 Mar-Apr
TI  - Open-label study assessment of safety and adverse effects of subcutaneous 
      apomorphine injections in treating "off" episodes in advanced Parkinson disease.
PG  - 89-93
LID - 10.1097/WNF.0B013E31816D91F9 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and adverse effect profile of continued use of 
      intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine to treat "off" episodes in subjects with 
      advanced Parkinson disease. METHODS: The study enrolled subjects with Hoehn and 
      Yahr stage II-V Parkinson disease who were experiencing "off" events despite an 
      optimized oral medication regimen. After baseline assessment and subcutaneous 
      apomorphine dose titration (2-10mg/dose), subjects received > or =12 months of 
      open-label treatment, as needed, for "off" episodes. RESULTS: Of the 546 subjects 
      in the study population, the majority used apomorphine on a daily basis; the 
      average dose was 4.0 mg. A total of 187 subjects discontinued treatment because 
      of adverse events (AEs). Most AEs were mild to moderate and expected with 
      apomorphine. The AEs most commonly classified as definitely, probably, or 
      possibly treatment related were nausea and vomiting, dyskinesia, dizziness, 
      somnolence, hallucination, yawning, and injection site bruising. Serious AEs 
      occurred in 199 subjects, but only 27 were considered to be probably or possibly 
      treatment related. None of the 45 deaths recorded in the study were attributed to 
      apomorphine. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term use of intermittent apomorphine dosing for 
      treatment of "off" episodes was generally associated with mild-to-moderate AEs.
FAU - LeWitt, Peter A
AU  - LeWitt PA
AD  - Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Henry Ford 
      Hospital, Detroit, MI 48034, USA. palewitt@ameritech.net
FAU - Ondo, William G
AU  - Ondo WG
FAU - Van Lunen, Brenda
AU  - Van Lunen B
FAU - Bottini, Peter B
AU  - Bottini PB
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Neuropharmacol
JT  - Clinical neuropharmacology
JID - 7607910
RN  - 0 (Antiparkinson Agents)
RN  - N21FAR7B4S (Apomorphine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Accidental Falls
MH  - Aged
MH  - Antiparkinson Agents/*administration & dosage/*adverse effects
MH  - Apomorphine/*administration & dosage/*adverse effects
MH  - Drug Administration Schedule
MH  - Electrocardiography/methods
MH  - Female
MH  - Heart Rate/drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Injections, Subcutaneous/methods
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Parkinson Disease/*drug therapy/physiopathology
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Treatment Outcome
EDAT- 2008/11/04 09:00
MHDA- 2009/09/05 06:00
CRDT- 2008/11/04 09:00
PHST- 2008/11/04 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/09/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2008/11/04 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 00002826-900000000-99975 [pii]
AID - 10.1097/WNF.0B013E31816D91F9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Neuropharmacol. 2009 Mar-Apr;32(2):89-93. doi: 10.1097/WNF.0B013E31816D91F9.